Color discrimination requires the input of different photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to wavelengths light. The Drosophila visual system contains multiple classes differ in anatomical location, synaptic connections, and spectral sensitivity. Rh5 Rh6 opsins expressed nonoverlapping sets R8 only pigments remain uncharacterized. In this study, we ectopically major class (R1-R6) show them be biologically active their new environment. expression either or "blind" ninaE(17) mutant flies,...

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the metabolism of ethylene glycol in Pseudomonas putida strains KT2440 and JM37 by employing growth bioconversion experiments, directed mutagenesis, proteome analysis. We found that strain grew rapidly with as a sole source carbon energy, while did not grow within 2 days incubation under same conditions. However, experiments revealed both strains, temporal accumulation glycolic acid glyoxylic for KT2440. This was further increased targeted mutagenesis....

Abstract Opsin gene expression in the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells of Drosophila compound eye is highly coordinated. We have found that cell specific Rh5 Rh6 opsins are expressed non-overlapping sets cells, a precise pairwise fashion with Rh3 Rh4 individual ommatidia. Removal sevenless, boss or sina mutants, disrupts dramatically increases number Rh6-expressing cells. This suggests may be induced by an Rh3-expressing cell, whereas most likely default state cell. paired opsin genes occurs...

By screening retinal cDNA libraries for photoreceptor-specifically expressed genes we have isolated and sequenced a clone encoding the rhodopsin (Rh6) of subset R8 photoreceptor cells Drosophila compound eye. Compared to other visual pigments Drosophila, this is equally homologous Rh1 Rh2 (51% amino acid identity) but shows only 32% 33% identity with Rh3 Rh4, respectively. The open reading frame codes protein 369 acids (MW = 41691). primary structure Rh6 displays sites typical molecules in...

In an approach directed to isolate and characterize key proteins of the transduction cascade in photoreceptors using phosphoinositide signaling pathway, we have isolated Calliphora homolog Drosophila InaD gene product, which mutants causes slow deactivation light response. By screening a retinal cDNA library with antibodies against photoreceptor membrane proteins, coding for amino acid sequence 665 residues (Mr = 73,349). The displays 65.3% identity (77.3% similarity) product. Probing...

Photoreceptors which use a phospholipase C‐mediated signal transduction cascade harbor signaling complex in the Cβ (PLCβ), light‐activated Ca 2+ channel TRP, and an eye‐specific protein kinase C (ePKC) are clustered by PDZ domain INAD. Here we investigated function of ePKC cloning Calliphora homolog Drosophila ePKC, precipitating TRP with anti‐ePKC antibodies, performing phosphorylation assays isolated complexes intact photoreceptor cells. The deduced amino acid sequence comprises 685 acids...

The rhodopsin and metarhodopsin states of two very distantly related fly species (Calliphora Drosophila) are found to exhibit no species-specific differences in their absorbance spectra. Isolation characterization cDNAs encoding the major opsin Calliphora reveal a high (86%) degree amino acid identity with corresponding Drosophila visual pigment. Completely conserved is third cytoplasmic loop which displays structural vertebrate photopigments. Other motifs six potential phosphorylation sites...

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitute an ancient family of cation that have been found in many eukaryotic organisms from yeast to human. TRP exert a multitude physiological functions ranging Ca2+ homeostasis the kidney pain reception and vision. These are activated by wide range stimuli undergo covalent post-translational modifications affect modulate their subcellular targeting, biophysical properties, or channel gating. include N-linked glycosylation, protein...

Signal-mediated translocation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is a novel mechanism to fine tune variety signaling pathways including neuronal path finding and Drosophila photoreception. In phototransduction the cation TRP TRP-like (TRPL) are targets prototypical G protein-coupled pathway. We have recently found that TRPL channel translocates between rhabdomere cell body in light-dependent manner. This modifies ion composition membrane induces long-term adaptation. However,...

In animals, visual pigments are essential for photoreceptor function and survival. These G-protein-coupled receptors consist of a protein moiety (opsin) covalently bound 11-cis-retinylidene chromophore. The chromophore is derived from dietary carotenoids by oxidative cleavage trans-to-cis isomerization double bonds. vertebrates, the necessary chemical transformations catalyzed two distinct but structurally related enzymes, carotenoid oxygenase beta-carotenoid-15,15'-monooxygenase retinoid...

The Drosophila phototransduction cascade terminates in the opening of an ion channel, designated transient receptor potential (TRP). TRP has been shown to become phosphorylated vitro, suggesting regulation channel through posttranslational modification. However, except for one phosphorylation site, Ser982, which was analyzed by functional vivo studies (Popescu, D. C., Ham, A. J., and Shieh, B. H. (2006) J. Neurosci. 26, 8570–8577), nothing is known about role vivo. Here, we report...

Blood flow through the cavities of heart and great vessels is pulsatile subject to time multidirectional variations. To date, recording blood in multiple directions phases has been limited. 4D-flow MRI offers advantages for recording, visualization analysis flow. The status quo method was summarized with PubMed database using keywords "4D-flow MRI, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, MR imaging/visualization, quantification, 3 D cine (time-resolved) CMR, three-directional...

Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster retina indicate that absorption of light causes the translocation signaling molecules and actin from photoreceptor's membrane to cytosol, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins known regulate actin–membrane interactions a signal-dependent manner, we analyzed role Dmoesin, unique D. ERM, response light. We report illumination dark-raised flies triggers dissociation Dmoesin light-sensitive transient...

Visual transduction in the compound eye of flies is a well-established model system for study G protein-coupled pathways. Pivotal components this signaling pathway, including principal light-activated Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential, an eye-specific protein kinase C, and thenorpA-encoded phospholipase Cβ, are assembled into supramolecular complex by modular PDZ domain INAD. We have used immunoprecipitation assays to interaction heterotrimeric visual with INAD complex....

Proteins exert their function through protein-protein interactions. In Drosophila, G protein-coupled receptors like rhodopsin (Rh1) interact with a protein to activate visual signal transduction and arrestins terminate activation. Also, membrane proteins Rh1 engage in interactions during folding within the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicular transport upon removal from cell surface degradation. Here, we expressed Rh1-TurboID fusion (Rh1::TbID) Drosophila photoreceptors identify vivo interaction...

Three new, highly similar peptides from the skin secretion of Xenopus laevis have been purified and analyzed by mass spectrometry Edman degradation. The 66-amino-acid peptides, termed xenoxin-1, -2, -3, contain 8 cysteines show similarity to snake venom cytotoxins short neurotoxins. Assignment two out four disulfide bonds suggests a tertiary structure that A cDNA encoding pre-xenoxin-1 was isolated X. library. nucleotide sequence predicts synthesis precursor with signal peptide followed...

In Drosophila photoreceptors the transient receptor potential-like (TRPL), but not TRP channels undergo light-dependent translocation between rhabdomere and cell body. Here we studied which of TRPL channel segments are essential for why required inducing translocation. We generated transgenic flies expressing chimeric proteins that formed functional light-activated channels. Translocation was induced only in chimera containing both N- C-terminal TRPL. Using an inactive trp mutation...