Abstract Aims NOD2 and CD1d play a key role in innate immunity by recognizing conserved molecular patterns of pathogens. While NOD2−/− CD1d−/− mice display structural functional alterations Paneth cells, animal studies have reported no impact or deficiency on experimental colitis. mutations increase the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases bound α-galactosylceramide [α-GalCer] alleviates intestinal inflammation. We evaluated effect modulation colitis mice. Methods The augmentation...

Growth of multiple myeloma cells is controlled by various factors derived from host bone marrow microenvironments. Interaction between and stromal (BMSCs) plays an important role in the expression adhesive molecules secretion growth involved (MM) cell growth, survival, resistance to anticancer drugs. Recently, possibility developing novel anti‐cancer therapeutic strategies targeting both MM cell–BMSC interactions has been discussed. Here we present data showing that curcumin, a major...

Little is known about the ability for epithelial regeneration and wound healing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. We evaluated proliferation of Crohn’s disease (CD) using patient-derived intestinal organoids. Human organoids were constructed a three-dimensional crypt culture enteroscopic biopsy samples from controls CD patients. The organoid-forming efficiency ileal crypts derived was reduced compared those control subjects (p < 0.001). Long-term cultured (≥6 passages) showed...

Abstract Background Th17 cells and their signature cytokine, interleukin-17A [IL-17], are considered as the main pathogenic factors in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs]. However, IL-17 neutralising antibodies, a theoretically curative medication for IBDs, paradoxically aggravated intestinal inflammation. The mechanisms by which mediates protective pathological effects of remain unclear epithelium. Methods epithelial responses induced were evaluated using human small organoid [enteroid]...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel (IBD) and considered Th1-mediated disease, supported by the over-expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in intestinal lamina propria. IFN-γ has pleiotropic effect on epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting that IFN-γ-induced responses may differ between cell types. We established human small organoids (enteroids) derived from non-IBD controls CD patients. Using enteroids, major response IECs induced was evaluated, focusing programmed death...

IL-6 and TNF α were significantly increased in the bone marrow aspirate samples of patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) compared to those normal controls. Furthermore, MM advanced aggressive disease had higher levels than plateau phase. interleukin-6 (IL-6) production from cells. However, detailed mechanisms involved signaling pathways by which promotes secretion cells are largely unknown. In our study, we found that treatments induce MEK AKT phosphorylation. -stimulated was abolished...

Abstract Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel (IBD) and considered Th1-mediated disease, supported by the over-expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in intestinal lamina propria. To evaluate response epithelial cells (IECs) to IFN-γ, we established small organoids (enteroids) derived from non-IBD controls CD patients. IFN-γ stimulated programmed cell death (PCD) IECs both control enteroids dose-dependent manner. Pyroptosis, apoptosis necroptosis were activated enteroids,...

Background & AimsTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is considered a major tissue damage-promoting effector in Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. Patient-derived intestinal organoid (enteroid) recapitulates the disease-specific characteristics of epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate epithelial responses TNFα enteroids derived from healthy controls and compare them with those CD patient-derived enteroids.MethodsHuman patients were treated (30 ng/mL), cell viability gene expression patterns...

Cancer cells exhibit properties of in a less differentiated state than the adjacent normal tissue. We explored whether cancer can be converted to normal-like by restoring gene regulatory network (GRN) cells. Here, we report that colorectal range developmental states from embryonic and intestinal stem-like To identify transcription factors (TF) commit into state, reconstructed GRNs colon mucosa identified core TFs (CDX2, ELF3, HNF4G, PPARG, VDR) govern cellular state. further found SET Domain...

Human renal cell carcinoma (HRCC) is characterized by a high level of resistance to all treatment modalities. Therefore, the investigation global gene expression in HRCC might help understand its biologic behavior and develop strategies. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we initially compared profiles between HRCCs adjacent normal tissues, found that 87 were up-regulated 127 genes down-regulated. Next, subset genes, twofold differentially expressed, validated Northern blotting. Unexpectedly,...

When radiotherapy is applied to the abdomen or pelvis, normal tissue toxicity in gastrointestinal (GI) tract considered a major dose-limiting factor. Proton beam therapy has specific advantage terms of reduced doses tissues. This study investigated fundamental differences between proton- and X-ray-induced intestinal injuries mouse models. C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with 6-MV X-rays 230-MeV protons sacrificed after 84 h. The number surviving crypts per circumference jejunum was identified...

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) affords stem cell protection and links microbes to intestinal epithelial regeneration. We investigated whether NOD2 status is associated with crypt survival regeneration independent of microbiota-derived molecules. To assess survival, a clonogenic microcolony assay was performed 15 Gy X-ray irradiation. The fractional rate (46.0 ± 15.5% vs. 24.7 9.2%, p < 0.01) EdU-positive (29.8 14.5% 9.79 4.37%, = 0.015) were...

The administration of a combination probiotics and prebiotics is expected to be promising strategy for improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. This study aimed investigate the efficacy synbiotic containing Lactobacillus paracasei Opuntia humifusa extract symptomatic improvement IBS in murine model evaluate mechanism underlying beneficial effects this synbiotic. A total 20 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks with induced by restraint stress were assigned into four groups administered L....

Aims The cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase-III (NT5C3) is involved in the metabolism of nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinose (AraC), and expression level NT5C3 correlated with sensitivity to AraC acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. current study examined whether polymorphisms could affect chemotherapy outcomes 103 Korean AML Methods Forty-seven single nucleotide were genotyped using Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay. genetic effects on outcome analyzed χ2 logistic regression models. Results...

Background The intestinal microenvironment directly determines the human T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Despite its extreme diversity, TCR repertoire analysis may provide a better understanding of immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods To investigate repertoires mucosa, RNA sequencing was performed for inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa samples obtained from 13 Crohn’s disease (CD) healthy nine non-IBD controls. Results gene expression frequency showed clear...

Osteolytic bone lesion is a major cause of decreased quality life and poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but molecular pathogenesis the osteolytic process MM remains elusive. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) was reported to be elevated marrow blood advanced who often show osteolysis. Here, we investigated functional link FLT3L MM. We recruited 86, 306 52 MM, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lymphoblastic (ALL), respectively. levels hematologic malignancies were...

Background/Aims: Gastric cancer evolves in the pathologic mucosal milieu, and its development is characterized by both loss of acid-secreting parietal cells cell metaplasia, called spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM).Cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, IL-6, play a key role gastric carcinogenesis.However, changes cytokine profile SPEM have not been evaluated.Methods: To induce mouse stomachs, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with tamoxifen sacrificed...

Abstract Background SAMP1/YitFcsJ (SAMP1) mice spontaneously develop terminal ileitis resembling human Crohn disease. SAMP1 have exhibited alteration of epithelial cell lineage distribution and an overall proliferation the crypt population; however, it has not been evaluated whether differentiation is impaired because dysfunction intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or their niche factors. Methods Using intestine aged 10 to 14 weeks, morphometric alterations in crypt-villus architecture, ISCs,...

Background/Aims Dysbiosis is an important factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several studies have reported promising results using probiotics for treatment IBS. This study evaluated efficacy novel isolated from Kimchi, a Korean fermented food, and feces healthy Vietnamese people murine model Methods Lactobacillus paracasei DK121 was L. salivarius V4 plantarum V7 were residing Korea. Forty rats allocated to receive one strains, mixture or vehicle. After 5 days...

Abstract For Multiple Myeloma (MM), better anti-MM therapies need to be developed in order treat refractory, relapsed, and newly diagnosed MM. Recently, Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) as a combined drug with bortezomib have been evaluated for the treatment of In this study, we examined determine effects novel HDACI, CKD-581, MM cells. We treated cells CKD-581 either alone or combination Bortezomib. Treatments 9 different cell lines resulted dose-and time-dependent growth arrest...

Background/Aims: The modulation of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells by glycolipids has been considered as a potential therapy against immunologic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. A recently identified glycolipid analog, 7DW8-5, which is derived from α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), much 100-fold more active at stimulating both human and mice NKT when compared to α-GalCer. We explored the effects 7DW8-5 in mouse models acute chronic colitis.Methods: investigated on...

The Software Defined Network (SDN) decouples control and data planes of the existing network architecture a controller carries out centralized management network. This provides flexibility for networks enables efficient operation, depending on their condition. However, when performance switches comprising SDN varies, any with low can cause flow table overflow subsequent bottleneck overhead concentrating in controller. Besides, packet processing be delayed, declining user QoS. paper proposes...