There are two distinct subtypes of multiple sclerosis in Asians, opticospinal (OS-multiple sclerosis) and conventional (C-multiple sclerosis). In OS-multiple sclerosis, selective severe involvement the optic nerves spinal cord is characteristic, though its mechanisms unknown. The present study aimed to find out possible differences cytokine/chemokine profiles CSF between C-multiple delineate relationships these neuroimaging pathological features. Sixteen cytokines/chemokines, namely...

The role of cell membrane dynamics in migration is unclear. To examine whether total surface area changes are required for migration, Dictyostelium cells were flattened by agar-overlay. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that migrating have no reservoirs such as projections and folds. Similarly, optical sectioning fluorescence showed the does not change during migration. Interestingly, staining with a fluorescent lipid analogue turnover rate closely related to velocity. Next, clarify...

To investigate cytokine/chemokine changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we simultaneously measured 16 cytokine/chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 [p70], IL-13, IL-17, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and inflammatory protein-1beta) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sera from 37 patients with sporadic ALS 33 controls using a multiplexed...

We reported the emergence of a distinct myelitis in patients with atopic diathesis (atopic [AM]) by nationwide survey throughout Japan. Similar cases have recently been Caucasians. Pathologic studies biopsied spinal cord specimens revealed chronic active inflammation eosinophilic infiltration.To clarify cytokine/chemokine alterations CSF from AM comparison to other causes myelitis.We measured 27 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors simultaneously 22 AM, 20 opticospinal multiple...

We investigated the mechanisms underlying abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). immunohistochemically studied VEGF, its receptors VEGFR1 and 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) autopsied ALS spinal cords. also chronologically assessed expression of HIF-1α, karyopherin β1, β-cargo protein complex inhibitors nuclear pore proteins G93A mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1) transgenic mice at presymptomatic, symptomatic end...

Zygotes require two accurate sets of parental chromosomes, one each from the mother and father, to undergo normal embryogenesis. However, upon egg–sperm fusion in vertebrates, zygote has three sperm egg. The therefore eliminates set maternal chromosomes (but not paternal chromosomes) into polar body through meiosis, but how are protected meiosis been unclear. Here we report that RanGTP F-actin dynamics prevent proximity chromosomes. prevents localization Juno CD9, egg membrane proteins...

ABSTRACT Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of high ambient temperature and feed restrictions on urinary 3‐methylhistidine (3MH) excretion plasma 3MH concentrations as a marker myofibrillar proteolysis in lactating Holstein cows. In crossover design, four cows maintained during two 14‐day treatment periods with ad libitum intake under constant moderate (18°C) or (28°C) (Experiment 1), 70% 2), 3). The total digestible nutrients was decreased ( P < 0.01) 1) restriction...

ABSTRACT Information on oxidative stress under hot conditions from the levels of cells to organs and whole body has accumulated in last decades. Although a climate decreased dairy performance, changes markers have remained obscure. Therefore, effect high environmental temperature ascorbic acid, sulfhydryl (SH) residue oxidized lipids concentrations plasma total 128 cows was investigated. The monthly average maximum day varied 9.2°C January 32°C August 2004 this institute. High ambient...

We investigated the changes in plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers periparturient dairy cows hot conditions. This study was performed on 10 from day -5 to after parturition. The experimental duration divided into three periods: period 1 (5 days before parturition); 2 and 3 (from 6 parturition). average rectal temperature during more than 39 °C. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activities periods were higher that (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen concentration lower those total...

Effects of exposure to hot environment on urea metabolism were studied in lactating Holstein cows. Four cows fed ad libitum a total mixed ration and housed temperature-controlled chamber at constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperatures cross-over design. Urea nitrogen (N) kinetics was measured by determining isotopomer urine after single injection [(15) N(2) ]urea into the jugular vein. Both dry matter intake milk yield decreased under temperature. Intakes N digestible...

ABSTRACT Eight pregnant heifers (primiparous cows) and seven cows in their second, third forth pregnancies (multiparous were assigned to two groups fed either a low calcium (Ca) diet (Ca, 0.46%) or high Ca 0.86%) ad libitum from 3 weeks before the expected calving date days after parturition. All examined for change dry matter intake (DMI), plasma minerals bone turnover around The dietary level did not affect DMI both primiparous multiparous cows. of was significantly lower than that ( P...

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress markers, ascorbic acid, and sulfhydryl (SH) residue concentration in primiparous cows' plasma their relationship to milking performance during hot seasons were investigated. The rectal temperature of cows correlated negatively with SH (r = −0.38, n 38, P &lt; 0.05) acid −0.34, concentrations the plasma. group a higher over mean value produced significantly more milk ( than did lower concentration. Although production showed positive correlation 0.47, 0.05), relation...

ABSTRACT Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of high ambient temperature and feed restriction on nitrogen (N) utilization in lactating cows. Experiment 1 investigated N four cows fed ad libitum a 2 × crossover design under constant moderate (18°C) or (28°C) temperatures. The milk secretion ( P &lt; 0.01) protein concentration 0.05) decreased temperature. with 70% intake. both 0.05). 3 0.01). tended decrease 0.10). Therefore, for production at is mainly caused by reduced...

When a cell divides into two daughter cells, the total surface area should increase. There are models for membrane supply to support division: (1) unfolding of small reservoirs such as microvilli or wrinkles and (2) exocytosis intracellular vesicles. Here, we precisely measured in dividing Dictyostelium flattened by agar overlay that eliminated complexity reservoirs. Because cells divided normally under overlay, was not required division. Under slightly decreased from interphase metaphase...

A case of chronic meningitis caused by the achloric alga Prototheca wickerhamii is described, which has persisted for more than 6 years despite treatment with various antifungal agents. For last year no been given, but patient complaints.

Akiyama, Yasuhiko MD; Nakahara, Ichiro Tanaka, Masahito Iwamuro, Yasushi Hayashi, Junya Harada, Kei Fujimoto, Motoaki MD Author Information

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a limited sampling strategy (LSS) for monitoring the use mycophenolic acid (MPA) in maintenance therapy with tacrolimus (TCL) renal transplant patients. Methods: Eighteen adult patients receiving first were investigated. All treated combination TCL, steroid and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Besides predose trough concentration (C0), whole blood samples taken measurement MPA at 0·5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 12 h 14-point 12-h...