The goal of the present research was to develop and test a novel conceptual model corresponding measure state mindfulness-the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS). We developed SMS reflect traditional Buddhist contemporary psychological science models mindfulness not similarly reflected in extant published measures construct. Study 1 exploratory confirmatory factor analyses supported higher order 2-factor solution encompassing second-order factor, 2 first-order factors, one reflecting bodily...

In this article we present the theoretical and empirical bases of distress tolerance research. Although offers a promising lens through which to better understand various psychological symptoms disorders, further development inquiry is needed promote our understanding construct. Overall, number questions regarding its conceptualization measurement, associations with related constructs psychopathology, role(s) in therapeutic change intervention remain unanswered. Directions for future...

The use of unreliable measures constitutes a threat to our understanding psychopathology, because advancement science using both behavioral and biologically oriented can only be certain if such measurements are reliable. Two pillars the National Institute Mental Health's portfolio-the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative for psychopathology target engagement in clinical trials-cannot succeed without that possess high reliability necessary tests involving mediation selection based on...

Biases of emotional attention are believed to be central human (mal)adaptation and multiple forms psychopathology. Yet fundamental questions remain regarding the nature empirical study attentional bias (AB). We thus aimed (a) test a novel conceptualization related operationalization AB expression in time (b) illuminate specifically its temporal expression. examined by means trial-level score (TL-BS) analysis dot probe task data two experiments—among spider phobics healthy controls, among...

Abstract Despite initial evidence linking distress tolerance to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, there is a need for the investigation of interrelations among multiple measures and PTSD severity. Therefore, present study investigated concurrent relations tolerance, as well between these within trauma‐exposed community sample. The sample consisted 81 adults (63.1% women). Results indicated that Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005 ) scores, but no other...

The present investigation examines anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and fear reactivity to bodily sensations in relation Coping Conformity marijuana use motives among a sample of young adult users (n = 135; 46.7% women; Mage 20.45, SD 5.0). After controlling for current frequency (past 30 days), daily cigarette smoking rate, average volume alcohol used over the past year, negative affectivity, other motives, sensitivity was significantly uniquely associated with use. Distress...

The present paper summarizes empirical evidence suggesting that smoking and panic problems often co-occur; is a risk factor for, may serve to maintain, attacks disorder; premorbid panic-specific vulnerability variables full-blown are related coping-oriented motives perhaps the maintenance of behavior. An integrative model offered stimulate further work on this topic, followed by future directions for research.

Abstract The present study examines the relation between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and motives for marijuana use among 103 (55 women) young adult users (current) who reported experiencing at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. As expected, after covarying theoretically relevant variables of frequency past 30‐day use, number cigarettes smoked per day, volume alcohol consumed, was significantly related to coping motives, but no other use. Results are discussed better...

The present investigation examined whether daily smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as compared to either anxiety psychopathology or no current Axis I psychopathology, have decreased success in the early phases of a self-guided smoking quit attempt. Participants were 140 (81 women; Mage=29.5; SD=11.9; range=18–65 years); approximately one-third sample met criteria for PTSD (n=47), other disorders (without PTSD; n=33), and did not meet any (n=60). Consistent prediction,...

The present investigation examined the incremental validity of anxiety sensitivity in context distress intolerance terms predicting smoking motives and outcome expectancies. Participants were a community sample 144 daily smokers (85 women, Mage=29.72 years, SD=11.96). Results indicated that above beyond discomfort intolerance, Axis I diagnoses, gender, volume alcohol consumption, average number cigarettes smoked per day, significantly incrementally predicted habitual, addictive, negative...

Despite the growing theoretical and clinical interest in distress tolerance (DT) its role(s) psychopathology vulnerability, we lack knowledge regarding the: (1) nature degree of associations between putatively related measures DT, (2) universal/differential these DT psychopathological syndromes. Accordingly, purpose current multi-method study was thus to investigate relations among various self-report behavioral measures, as well examine measures' differential multiple forms mood anxiety...

The aim of the present study was to question untested assumptions about nature expression Attentional Bias (AB) towards and away from threat stimuli. We tested idea that high trait anxious individuals (N = 106; M(SD)age 23.9(3.2) years; 68% women) show a stable AB multiple categories threatening information using emotional visual dot probe task. with respect five stimuli (i.e., angry faces, attacking dogs, snakes, pointed weapons, violent scenes) evaluated. In contrast current theories, we...

Through intensive experience sampling, we studied the practice and development of mindfulness as a dynamic process in time context. We focused on role(s) salutary function(s) decentering for emotional over course development.Eighty-two meditation-naive adults from general community, 52% women, Mage (SD) = 25.05 (3.26) years, participated 1-month, 6-session, Mahasi-based mindfulness-training intervention (Mahasi, 1978). collected 52 digital samples mindfulness, decentering, experience,...

Theory implicates attentional bias (AB) or dysregulated processing of emotional information in the recurrence major depressive episodes.However, empirical study AB among remitted depressed patients is limited scope and has yielded mixed findings.Mixed findings may be accounted for by how field conceptualized thereby studied AB.We propose that a novel temporal dynamic process perspective on help disambiguate extant elucidate nature depression.We thus re-examined Dot Probe data (RMD; N=328)...