In recent years, the electrical substations are experiencing a rapid transition towards fully digital measurement infrastructure, in terms of data acquisition, storage and processing. The IEC Std 61850-9-2 defines format, also known as Sampled Value (SV), to be employed by instrument transformers, merging units, controller devices. this scenario, it is reasonable expect that Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) will directly connected with transformers required process SV stream. paper, we...

The working principle and the architecture of a calibration system for devices operating with IEC 61850-9-2 standard are described. Two different types considered: stand-alone merging units (SAMUs) used to retrofit conventional transformers in power network substations commercial test sets suited nonconventional voltage current sensor field. An SAMU is essentially an analog-to-digital converter delivering its results format. functionalities set evaluated here analog signal generation...

This paper describes the design and setup of different measuring systems for calibration commercial voltage current transformer test sets non-conventional instrument transformers. The are recently developed at national metrology institutes VSL, PTB, METAS TUBITAK within frame European project "FUTURE GRID - Non-conventional sensors future power grids". attained uncertainty is in order 10 ppm μrad testing analogue input 20 80 digital (IEC 61850-9-2) set.

This article presents an accurate and robust method to calculate the phase offset of a reference waveform, usually produced by digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in IEC Std 61850-9-2 calibration systems. The is defined with respect rising edge clock signal, locked Global Positioning System (GPS). proposed relies on synchronous acquisition DAC output signal. In complex plane, where discrete Fourier transform (DFT) defined, acquired signals are processed compensate nonideal sampling rate...

In recent years, the electrical substations are experiencing a rapid transition towards fully digital measurement infrastructure, in terms of data acquisition, storage and processing. The IEC Std 61850-9-2 defines format, also known as Sampled Value (SV), to be employed by instrument transformers, merging units, controller devices. this scenario, it is reasonable expect that Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) will directly connected with transformers required process SV stream. paper, we...

Modern power systems are rapidly transitioning towards a fully digital substation paradigm. Based on the IEC 61850, common communication protocol between different intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) promises significant enhancement in terms of efficiency and interoperability. In this context, synchronization represents crucial aspect as it allows us to rigorously compare measurements taken at same time locations. paper, we consider measurement chain for synchrophasor estimation based...

In this paper, we consider the calibration of measuring bridges for non-conventional instrument transformers with digital output. context, main challenge is represented by necessity synchronization between analog and outputs. To end, propose a measurement setup that allows monitoring quantifying quantities interest. A possible laboratory implementation presented sources uncertainty are discussed. From metrological point view, technical specifications statistical analysis employed to draw up...

This paper describes a method to model the impedance of Haddad type resistor over frequency interval ranging from 10 200 MHz, hereafter defined as LF-RF range. To this end, novel standards, 1 kΩ and 100 Ω, have been designed manufactured with aim sharply identifying nodes that define impedance. Resistor modelling is divided into two main parts: first one, describing central coaxial core second part, connectors through physical simulations subsequent analytical approach. The results show...

This article describes two approaches for modeling impedances along the physical gap existing between low- and high-frequency ranges. For this purpose, physics of a Haddad-type resistor standard has been investigated taking into account EM-field propagation effect connectors. It turns out that above 30 MHz, frequency dependence resistance is mainly dominated by effects connector system. In addition, new capacitor designed means simulations. both approaches, method to exploit information...

Most renewable energy sources are operated in direct current (DC) and require dedicated inverter to be integrated the power system. This results loss of rotational inertia as well degradation quality (PQ) indices. A promising alternative is represented by low-voltage DC grids, whose standardization though still incomplete. Reference systems being developed for metering DCPQ, but their validation requires inter-laboratory comparison. To this end, we propose design preliminary characterization...

Modern power systems are experiencing a rapid transition due to the ever-increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation. In order cope with this challenging scenario, measurement infrastructure is required maximize its estimation accuracy in dynamic transient conditions, but - at same time minimize reporting latency. Several improved algorithms allow attain first objective, whereas scarce attention has been given their actual deployment into real-world...

Based on the IEC Std 61850, electrical substations are transitioning towards a fully-digital paradigm for data acquisition and processing. In near future, many monitoring control applications expected to operate based mainly digital inputs. To this end, crucial role will be played by Low Power Instrument Transformer (LPIT) whose output is formatted as Sampled Value (SV) packets according recent 61850-9-2. paper, metrological performance of commercial LPIT fully characterized not only in...

Modern power systems are experiencing a rapid transition towards fully digital monitoring and control paradigm. In compliance with the specifications of IEC 61850 standards family, measurement data shall be output by non-conventional instrument transformers according to Sampled Value (SV) communication protocol. It is thus reasonable expect that also Power Quality (PQ) measurements rely on SV streams. Furthermore, due limited sampling frequency values considered in standard, it essential...

This paper describes two approaches for modeling impedances along the physical gap existing between low and high frequency range. For this purpose, physics of a Haddad type resistor standard has been investigated taking into account EM-field propagation as well effect connectors. In addition, new capacitor designed by means simulations. Preliminary results show good agreement with measured data at frequency.

The working principle and the architecture of a calibration system for commercial test sets, operating with IEC 61850 standard, is described. Essential requirements such devices are: generating signal, in analog digital form, most reliable synchronization possible. Preliminary studies show how setup presents encouraging results performing measurements sets.

The digital transformation of electrical substations relies on the communication protocols introduced in IEC Std 61850. In particular, Sampled Value data format is expected to be employed an ever-increasing number measurement applications and devices. this context, National Metrological Institutes are required develop calibration infrastructures capable dealing with synchronous analog input output channels. paper, we characterize performance METAS calibrator terms transmission latency...