Aspiration of bovine follicles 12–36 hours after induced corpus luteum lysis serendipitously identified two populations cows, one with High androstenedione (A4; >40 ng/ml; mean = 102) and another Low A4 (<20 9) in follicular fluid. We hypothesized that the steroid excess fluid dominant cows would result reduced fertility through altered follicle development oocyte maternal RNA abundance. To test this hypothesis, estrous cycles were synchronized ovariectomy was performed 36 later. HPLC MS/MS...

Abstract RNAs stored in the metaphase II-arrested oocyte play important roles successful embryonic development. Their abundance is defined by transcriptional activity during growth and selective degradation of transcripts LH-induced maturation. Our previous studies demonstrated that mRNA increased mature ovulated oocytes collected from obese humans mice therefore may contribute to reduced developmental competence associated with metabolic dysfunction. In current study mouse models...

A naturally occurring bovine model with excess follicular fluid androstenedione (High A4), reduced fertility, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like characteristics has been identified. We hypothesized High A4 granulosa cells (GCs) would exhibit altered cell proliferation and/or steroidogenesis. Microarrays of Control GCs combined Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that had cycle inhibition increased expression microRNAs inhibit genes. Granulosa culture confirmed treatment decreased GC...

Obese women who are able to attain pregnancy at increased risk for early-pregnancy loss due, in part, reduced oocyte quality. We and others have demonstrated that female Lethal Yellow (LY) mice C57BL/6 fed a high fat diet (B6-HFD) exhibit phenotypes consistent with human obesity. These studies also showed zygotes collected from LY B6-HFD females developmental competence. The current hypothesis is an abnormal response gonadotropin stimulation compared controls normal rodent chow (B6-ND),...

The effects of feeding a diet restricted in energy on the endocrine mechanisms regulating LH secretion prepubertal heifers were examined. On Day 0, thirty assigned to be either ovariectomized (OVX; n = 10), and administered an estradiol implant (OVXE; or remain ovary-intact (INT, 10). Five each then fed control (C) two-phase, low-to-high (L), dietary treatment. C was formulated support weight gains 1.1 kg/day throughout experiment (Day 0–197). Heifers receiving L treatment provided (33%...

Marker assisted speed congenics technique is commonly used to facilitate backcrossing of mouse strains in nearly half the time it normally takes otherwise. Traditionally, performed by analyzing PCR amplified regions simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers between recipient and donor strains: offspring with highest number showing genome across all chromosomes chosen for next generation. Although there are well-defined panels SSLP makers established certain pairs mice strains, they...

Abstract We hypothesized the manner that heifers achieve puberty may indicate their future reproductive longevity. Heifers with discontinued or delayed cyclicity during attainment have irregular cycles, anovulation, and infertility in first breeding season contributing to a shorter lifespan. Therefore, plasma progesterone (P4) was measured from weaning on 611 born 2012–2017 four pubertal classifications were identified: (1) Early; P4 ≥ 1 ng/ml &amp;lt; March 12 continued cyclicity, (2)...

Basal and calcium ionophore (CaI)-influenced production of prostaglandins (PGs) by corpora lutea (CL) destined to be normal or short-lived were compared. Ovulation was induced in 24 lactating beef cows with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1000 IU) administered between 35 40 days postpartum. Ten received norgestomet implants for 9 prior ovulation (Normal CL) 14 served as untreated controls (Subnormal CL). Five each treatment unilaterally ovariectomized on Day 6 (Day 0 = day hCG...

Granulosa cells play a crucial role as mediator of the LH-dependent ovulatory response. The intraovarian factor IGF1 is produced by ovarian somatic healthy follicles during objective this study was to identify mechanisms which IGF1, alone or in combination with LH, regulates expression genes granulosa cells, are for ovulation. To achieve objective, short-term, primary murine cell cultures were treated 2–8 h 1 mM 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cAMP mimic LH surge and/or 100 ng/ml IGF1. While cAMP...

The ACI rat model of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary cancer has gained wide use in the study breast etiology, prevention, and genetics. Emca8, a QTL that determines susceptibility to E2-induced cancer, was previously mapped chromosome 5 (RNO5) an intercross between resistant Brown Norway (BN) susceptible rats. In this study, panel congenic strains, each which carries BN alleles across defined segment RNO5 on genetic background, generated used map more precisely Emca8 determinants...

When treated with 17β-estradiol, female ACI rats (Rattus norvegicus) rapidly develop mammary cancers that share multiple phenotypes luminal breast cancers. Seven distinct quantitative trait loci harbor genetic determinants of susceptibility to 17β-estradiol-induced cancer have been mapped in reciprocal intercrosses between susceptible and resistant Brown Norway (BN) rats. A panel unique congenic rat strains has now generated characterized confirm the existence these loci, designated Emca3...

Ept1, Ept2, Ept6, and Ept9 are quantitative trait loci mapped in crosses between the ACI Copenhagen (COP) rat strains as genetic determinants of responsiveness pituitary gland to estrogens. We have developed four congenic strains, each which carries, on background strain, alleles from COP strain that span one these loci. Relative female rats, ACI.COP-Ept1 rats exhibited reduced 17β-estradiol (E2) gland, evidenced by quantification mass circulating prolactin, mammary susceptibility E2-induced...

Beef cows with excess androstenedione (A4; High A4) in follicular fluid (FF) and secreted by the ovarian cortex have been reported from University of Nebraska-Lincoln physiology herd displaying characteristics reminiscent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Thus, we hypothesized that naturally occurring A4 were present other dairy beef herds. Fourteen Jordan (Amman, Jordon) heifers 16 U.S. Meat Animal Research Center classified FF (High A4: > 40 ng/mL Control: < 20 ng/mL) and/or culture media...

Introduction: Pubertal attainment is critical to reproductive longevity in heifers. Previously, four heifer pubertal classifications were identified according of blood plasma progesterone concentrations &amp;gt; 1 ng/ml: 1) Early; 2) Typical; 3) Start-Stop; and 4) Non-Cycling. Early Typical heifers initiated maintained cyclicity, Start-Stop started then stopped cyclicity Non-Cycling never cyclicity. segregated into Start-Stop-Discontinuous (SSD) or Start-Stop-Start (SSS), with SSD having...

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urogenital tract (CAKUT) occur in approximately 0.5% live births represent most frequent cause end-stage renal disease neonates children. The genetic basis CAKUT is not well defined. To understand more fully one type CAKUT, unilateral agenesis (URA), we are studying inbred ACI rats, which spontaneously exhibit URA associated at an incidence 10%. inherited as incompletely dominant trait with incomplete penetrance crosses between Brown Norway (BN) rats a...

Abstract Follicular progression during peripuberty is affected by diet. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induces follicle in many species; however, there are limited studies to determine if diet may alter the effects of angiogenic VEGFA165-stimulated or antiangiogenic VEGFA165b arrest. We hypothesized that affects magnitude and VEGFA isoform actions on follicular development through diverse signal transduction pathways. To test this hypothesis, beef heifers our first trial...

Abstract A population of cows with excess androstenedione (A4; High A4) in follicular fluid, arrest, granulosa cell dysfunction, and a 17% reduction calving rate was previously identified. We hypothesized that A4 the ovarian microenvironment caused arrest vascular endothelial growth factor would rescue phenotype. In trial 1, prior to culture, cortex (n = 9) had greater numbers early stage follicles (primordial) fewer later-stage compared controls 11). Culture for 7 days did not relieve this...

We recently reported a decline in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by regressing porcine luteal cells that correlated with diminished LDL stimulation of progesterone (P) production. The objectives the present study were to determine 1) whether loss utilization is specific lesion steroidogenic pathway and 2) vitro activation protein kinase C (PKC) mid-cycle acutely suppresses utilization. Dispersed (4 x 10(4)/0.2 ml) from mid-(Days 6-10, estrus = Day 0; n 5) or late-(Days 15-18; 7) cycle...

Abstract Obese women are subfertile and have reduced assisted reproduction success, which may be due to oocyte competence. We hypothesize that consumption of a high-fat/high-sugar diet induces ovarian inflammation, is primary contributor decreased quality pre-implantation embryo development. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 (B6) mice with normal inflammatory response C3H/HeJ (C3H) dampened dysfunctional Toll-like receptor 4 were fed either chow or diet. In both B6 C3H females, induced...

A possible relationship between transforming growth factor β receptor type I (TβRI) and II (TβRII) protein expression in human granulosa cells the quality of preimplantation embryo development vitro was studied using immunoblot analysis TβRI TβRII hyperstimulated morphological assessment cleavage potential zygotes vitro. Washed were collected from ≤ 35-yr-old women with either tubal defects or mild endometriosis who undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation prior to oocyte retrieval for...

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that ability of small luteal cells (SLC) and/or large (LLC) take up low density lipoprotein (LDL) declines with advancing age CL. Ovaries from 100–110-kg gilts were classified as early (Days 4–6; n = 5), mid 8–12; 6)-, or late 15–18; 5) cycle on basis gross morphology. Multiple CL each ovary pooled and enzymatically dissociated. An aliquot dispersed reserved for cell culture. Remaining incubated (~ 4 × 105 cells/0.25 ml Dulbecco’s...