Abstract Objective: Recent evidence raises the possibility that symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) could be related to impaired interoception. Pain is an interoceptive process with well‐characterized neuroanatomical pathways may overlap a large degree neural systems dysregulated in individuals AN, such as insula. Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used assess substrates pain anticipation and processing 10 healthy control women (CW) 12 recovered from AN (REC AN) order...

Traumatic experiences during childhood significantly impact the developing brain and contributes to development of numerous physical mental health problems. A comprehensive understanding functional impairments within associated with who trauma histories, however, is unknown. Previous fMRI meta-analytical tools required homogeneity in task types clinical populations studied, thus, preventing pooling brain-based deficits present children have histories. We hypothesize that use novel...

Theories of emotion ascribe a fundamental role to the processing bodily signals (interoception) in emotional experience. Despite evidence consistent with this, current knowledge is limited by focus on interoceptive accuracy and laboratory-based interoception measures. This experience-sampling study examines how state attention experience are related everyday life, providing first data our examining: (1) within-subject fluctuations across domains, (2) relationship between trait interoception....

Background: Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) are increasingly administered to achieve weight gain in anorexia nervosa. In this meta-analysis, we aimed determine if any evidence for treatment option can be derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Based on the 'World Federation of Societies Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines Pharmacological Treatment Eating Disorders', a systematic update literature search was applied identify all RCTs investigating...

Background The insula is involved in interoceptive processing, emotion awareness, and attention to salient stimuli. Research suggests that these functions are specific—albeit overlapping—within subdivisions. Additional studies also imply sexual dimorphism different rates of development occur within subdivisions youth. purpose this study was examine potential subdivision structure differences youth with PTSD symptoms as compared controls test sex a moderator differences. Methods Insula...

Abstract Objective Our objective is to determine whether quetiapine was superior placebo in increasing weight or reducing core symptoms of anorexia nervosa as assessed by the Yale–Brown–Cornell Eating Disorder Scale and Inventory‐2. Method Participants were randomised 8 weeks placebo. Results There are 21 participants who signed informed consent, 15 randomised, 14 returned for at least one visit after receiving drug 10 completed study. no differences between questionnaire scores, measures...

Theoretically, normal developmental variation in amygdala volumes may be altered under conditions of severe stress. The purpose this article was to examine whether posttraumatic stress moderates the association between age and youth exposed traumatic events who are experiencing symptoms post-traumatic disorder (PTSD). Volumetric imaging conducted on two groups aged 9-17 years: 28 with exposure trauma PTSD (boys = 15, girls 13) 26 matched (age, IQ) comparison (Controls; boys 12, 14). There a...

Abstract Individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetic disorder caused by mutations to the q11‐13 region on chromosome 15, commonly show severe skin‐picking behaviors that can cause open wounds and sores body. To our knowledge, however, no studies have examined potential neural mechanisms underlying these behaviors. Seventeen individuals PWS, aged 6–25 years, who showed behaviors, were recruited scanned 3T scanner. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while episodes...

ABSTRACT Background Weak central coherence—a tendency to process details at the expense of gestalt—has been observed among adults with bulimia nervosa (BN) and is a potential candidate endophenotype for eating disorders (EDs). However, as BN behaviors typically onset during adolescence it important assess coherence in this younger age group determine whether findings are likely result or present earlier evolution disorder. This study examines detail‐oriented fragmented cognitive inefficiency...

Abstract In adults, interoception – the sense of physiological condition body - appears to influence emotion processing, cognition, behavior and various somatic mental health disorders. Adults demonstrate frontal-insula-parietal-anterior cingulate cortex activation during heartbeat detection task, a common interoceptive measure. Little, however, is known about functional neuroanatomy underlying in children. The current pilot study examined processing children adolescents with fMRI while...

Purpose The way coaching cues are worded can impact on the quality with which a subsequent motor skill is executed. However, there have been few investigations effect of basic performance in youths. Method Across several international locations, series experiments were undertaken to determine external (EC), internal (IC), analogies directional component (ADC) and neutral control sprint time (20 m) vertical jump height youth performers. These data combined using meta-analytical techniques...

Background: The female orgasm is a highly understudied phenomenon that linked to both wellbeing and relationship satisfaction in women. Although has been associated with interoception—the sense of the physiological condition body—very few studies have directly examined influence interoception on orgasm. Objectives: This study investigates how subjective experience one’s interoceptive capacities (called awareness) self-reported frequency people who identify as Methods: In dataset 318 women,...

Aim To study sex differences in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, we explored whether X chromosome absence or excess is independently associated with deficits attention and hyperactivity, executive function, processing speed. Method We assessed 116 children (ages 3y 10mo–11y 11mo, mean 8y 5mo, SD 1y 11mo) a variable number of chromosomes: 36 females Turner syndrome (45, X0), 20 males Klinefelter (47, XXY), 37 typically developing (XX), 23 (XY). Results was increased...

No studies have compared the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa. This case study examines such a comparison.This report describes of 12-year-old identical twins with nervosa, one whom was treated olanzapine other fluoxetine, while undergoing family therapy.Twin A fluoxetine went from 75 84.4% ideal body weight, Twin B 72 99.9% weight over course 9 months.This supports need for adequately powered, controlled clinical trials test...

This study investigated the effect of external (EC) and internal coaching cues (IC), analogies with a directional component (ADC) on sprint (20 m) vertical jump performance in academy soccer players (

Traumatic experiences during childhood significantly impact the developing brain and contributes to development of numerous physical mental health problems. A comprehensive understanding functional impairments within associated with who trauma histories, however, is unknown. Previous fMRI meta-analytical tools required homogeneity in task types clinical populations studied, thus, preventing pooling brain-based deficits present children have histories. We hypothesize that use novel...

To examine the potential mechanisms underlying social deficits in Turner Syndrome, we administered empathic accuracy task (EAT) -a naturalistic cognition task- and a (control) visual-motor line-tracking to 14 girls with TS was compared 12 age-matched typically developing (TD; ages 17). Empathic across positive negative emotionally valanced videos. We found that differs from TD on ratings for videos; no differences were detected videos or control line tracking task. Thus, our findings suggest...