A behavioral analog of the synaptic tagging and capture process, a key property plasticity, has been predicted recently. Here, we demonstrate that weak inhibitory avoidance training, which induces short- but not long-term memory (LTM), can be consolidated into LTM by an exploration to novel, familiar, environment occurring close in time training session. This memory-promoting effect caused novelty depends on activation dopamine D 1 /D 5 receptors requires newly synthesized proteins dorsal...

In daily life, memories are intertwined events. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in their interactions. Using two hippocampus-dependent (spatial object recognition and contextual fear conditioning) one hippocampus-independent (conditioned taste aversion) learning tasks, we show that rats subjected to weak training protocols induce solely short term memory (STM), long (LTM) promoted formed only if sessions took place contingence with a novel, but not familiar, experience...

The dried flower heads of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) are used in folk medicine to prepare a spasmolytic and sedative tea. Our fractionation the aqueous extract this plant led detection several fractions with significant affinity for central benzodiazepine receptor isolation identification 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) one them. Apigenin competitively inhibited binding flunitrazepam Ki 4 µM had no effect on muscarinic receptors, α1-adrenoceptors, muscimol GABAA...

Abstract Information storage in the brain is a temporally graded process involving different memory types or phases. It has been assumed for over century that one more short‐term (STM) processes are involved processing new information while long‐term (LTM) being formed. Because brain‐derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) modulates both synaptic function and activity‐dependent plasticity adult hippocampus, we examined role of BDNF STM LTM formation hippocampal‐dependent one‐trial fear‐motivated...

Long-term habituation to a novel environment is one of the most elementary forms nonassociative learning. Here we studied effect pre- or posttraining intrahippocampal administration drugs acting on specific molecular targets retention 5-min exposure an open field measured 24 h later. We also determined whether resulted in activation same intracellular signaling cascades previously shown be activated during hippocampal-dependent associative The immediate bilateral infusion CNQX (1 μg/side),...

Abstract It has been recently demonstrated that ubiquitin–proteasome‐mediated proteolysis is required for long‐term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Here we show the hippocampal blockade of this proteolytic pathway also formation memory rat. Bilateral infusion lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, to CA1 region caused full retrograde amnesia one‐trial inhibitory avoidance learning when given 1, 4 or 7h, but not 10 h, after training. Proteasome inhibitor I produced similar effects....

Long-term memory (LTM) consolidation requires the synthesis of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs). In addition, we have shown recently that LTM formation also setting a "learning tag" able to capture those PRPs. Weak training, which results only in short-term memory, can set tag use PRPs derived from temporal-spatial closely related event promote formation. Here, studied involvement glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic inputs on an inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning Rats explored...

The list of activities plant flavonoids did not include effects on the central nervous system (CNS) up to 1990, when our laboratory described existence natural anxiolytic flavonoids. first these was chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), followed by apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) and flavone itself. Semisynthetic derivatives obtained introducing halogens, nitro groups or both in its molecule, give rise high affinity ligands for benzodiazepine receptor, active in-vivo; 6,3'-dinitroflavone,...

Education is the most traditional means with formative effect on human mind, learning and memory being its fundamental support. For this reason, it essential to find different strategies improve studentś performance. Based previous work, we hypothesized that a novel experience could exert an enhancing within school environment. Here show improved of literary or graphical activities when close these sessions. We found improvements in groups students who had experienced science lesson 1 hour...

Extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) has been strongly implicated in several cellular processes. In the brain ERK1/2 activity primarily involved long-term memory (LTM) formation and expression. Here, we review earlier evidence describe recent developments of signaling processing focusing attention on role retrieval reconsolidation, maintenance trace including mechanisms involving protection labile memories. addition, relearning requires selected regions. Its involvement distinct...

From mollusks to mammals the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) appears be an important step in formation long-term memory (LTM).Here we show that a 5 min exposure novel environment (open field) 1 hr after acquisition one-trial inhibitory avoidance training hinders both LTM for task and increase phosphorylation state hippocampal Ser 133 CREB [phosphorylated (pCREB)] associated with training.To determine whether this deficit is attributable reduced pCREB level, rats...

ABSTRACT Retroactive interference (RI) is a type of amnesia in which new learning experience can impair the expression previous one. It has been studied several types memories for over century. Here, we aimed to study long‐term memory (LTM) formation an object‐in‐context task, defined as recognition familiar object context different that it was previously encountered. We trained rats with two sample trials, each taking place association objects. Test sessions were performed 24 h later,...

Using the guidance by a competitive assay for benzodiazepine binding site in GABA(A) receptor, active compounds were isolated from rhizomes and roots of Valeriana wallichii DC. The UV, NMR mass spectral data permitted identification 6-methylapigenin. This flavonoid has Ki = 495 nM BDZ-bs GABA ratio 1.6-2.0, which suggests possible agonistic properties. calculated percentage 6-methylapigenin crude drug is range: 0.013% to 0.0013%.

One of the top challenges in education and neuroscience consists translating laboratory results into strategies to improve learning memory teaching environments. In that sense, during last two decades, researchers have discovered specific temporal windows around learning, which intervention with some experiences induces modulatory effects on formation and/or persistence memory. Based these results, aim present study was design a strategy students high-school scenario, by assessing effect...