OBJECTIVE: To assist in the development of a model for psychopathology emotions, present study sought to identify neural circuits associated with evaluation visual stimuli emotional valence. METHOD: Seventeen healthy individuals were shown three sets emotionally laden pictures carrying pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral content. While subjects evaluated picture set valence, regional cerebral blood flow was measured use [15O] water positron emission tomography. Subjective ratings valence...

Cognitive functioning in the nonsymptomatic phase and long-term cognitive outcome of patients with mood disorders are both heuristic important clinical issues study disorders. Literature findings inconsistent because design confounds. We tried to address these while controlling for several confounds including age, education, gender differences neurobehavioral functioning, diagnosis. Nonsymptomatic a history chronic unipolar depression bipolar affective disorder healthy male individuals were...

Loss of the capacity to experience pleasure (anhedonia) is a core clinical feature schizophrenia. Although functional imaging techniques have been successful in identifying neural basis cognitive impairments schizophrenia, no attempts date made investigate systems underlying emotional disturbances.To study processing schizophrenia by exploring pattern brain responses olfactory stimuli patients and healthy volunteers.Positron emission tomographic with volunteers. Positron data were collected...

Rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left dorsal lateral frontal cortex has been shown produce antidepressant effects. Older depressed patients, however, in one study showed a lower response rate than younger patients. The current examined treatment 20 depressed, treatment-refractory patients (mean age 60.7 ± 9.8 years) given five sessions of rTMS at Hz for 2 seconds over trains 80% motor threshold or identical placebo stimulation, after had withdrawn from their...

This study explored the neural circuitry used during recall of unstructured verbal material in schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteer subjects.The subjects were 13 volunteers 14 patients. All free medication, all right-handed. Two experimental cognitive conditions used: novel practiced word lists (two 15-item from Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Both active tasks compared with an eyes-closed resting baseline condition. A nonparametric randomization test was to determine within-...

Schizophrenia is currently conceptualized as a disease of functional neural connectivity, leading to symptoms that affect aspects mental activity, including perception, attention, memory, and emotion. The substrates its emotional components have not been extensively studied with neuroimaging. Previous neuroimaging studies examined medicated patients schizophrenia. authors measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during performance task required unmedicated recognize the valence visual...

The cerebellum has traditionally been considered to be primarily dedicated motor functions. Its phylogenetic development and connectivity suggest, however, that it also may play a role in cognitive processes the human brain. In order examine potential for beings, positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted during "pure thought experiment": subjects intentionally recalled specific past personal experience (consciously retrieved episodic memory). Since there no or sensory input...

The cognitive effects of active and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were examined in 19 middle-aged elderly patients with refractory depression. Patients received either (n = 9) or 10) rTMS targeted at the anterior portion left middle frontal gyrus. group improved significantly on a test flexibility conceptual tracking (Trail Making Test–B).

In stroke and other medical illnesses, secondary depression may be associated with different factors in women than men. The authors examined 301 consecutive admissions for acute treatment of cerebrovascular accident gender differences depression, psychosocial factors, physical impairment, lesion location. Women were twice as frequently diagnosed major had a greater frequency left hemisphere lesions men, was impairment activities daily living, severity social functioning. women, prior...

Loneliness has been shown to be inversely correlated with empathy in younger adults. The present study extends previous research by investigating the association between and loneliness across adult lifespan examining role of relevant demographic personality factors. 110 community-dwelling adults (18 81 years old) completed UCLA Scale Empathy Quotient. scores were associated rated predicted 8.7% variance after accounting for sex, age, relationship status, education, neuroticism. Social Skills...

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> Depression is a common psychiatric complication of temporal lobe epilepsy. This study examined the effect depressed mood on neuropsychological performance among patients with chronic <h3>METHODS</h3> Seventy consecutive surgery candidates for medication resistant complex partial seizures unilateral origin were assessed symptoms and underwent comprehensive assessment. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Standardised interview disclosed that 34% patient sample exhibited significant...

This study was undertaken to identify brain structures associated with emotion in normal elderly subjects.Eight subjects aged 55-78 years were shown film clips intended provoke the emotions of happiness, fear, or disgust as well a neutral state. During emotional activation, regional cerebral blood flow measured use [15O]H2O positron emission tomography imaging, and subjective responses recorded. Data analyzed by subtracting values during condition from various activations.The stimuli...

Examination of mood and behaviour changes after frontal damage may contribute to understanding the functional role distinct prefrontal areas in depression anxiety. Depression anxiety disorders, symptoms, were compared eight patients with single lateral medial lesions matched for age, sex, race, education, socioeconomic status, side, aetiology lesion 2 weeks 3 months brain injury. DSM IV major depressive generalised disorders more frequent at but not months. At months, however, showed greater...

The neuropsychiatric effects of insular damage in humans have not previously been examined. We therefore examined the impairment seven patients with left stroke, six right hemisphere noninsular and stroke. Between 4 8 weeks after acute were administered a battery. Patients lesions had greater frequency subjective anergia underactivity (Fisher's exact p = .002) as well tiredness < compared non-insular or lesions. Subjective feelings impaired energy drive may result from disconnection between...