ContextDespite the high prevalence and potentially serious outcomes associated with concussion in athletes, there is little systematic research examining risk factors short- long-term outcomes.ObjectivesTo assess relationship between history learning disability (LD) association of these variables neuropsychological performance to evaluate postconcussion recovery a sample college football players.Design, Setting, ParticipantsA total 393 athletes from 4 university programs across United States...

<h3>Backgroud</h3> Major depression is a frequent psychiatric complication among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To our knowledge, however, the clinical correlates of major have not been extensively studied. <h3>Objective</h3> determine clinical, neuropsychological, and structural neuroimaging occurring after TBI. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, case-controlled, surveillance study conducted during first year episode occurred. <h3>Settings</h3> University hospital level I trauma...

The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 188-base pair (bp) segment of the repetitive 195-bp nuclear DNA sequence Trypanosoma cruzi that is most abundant in this organism. amplified element four T. isolates from widely separated geographic regions. No amplification 188-bp fragment occurred when DNAs extracted Leishmania spp., African trypanosomes, or blood samples mice and humans were used. Amplification one-half single parasite produced an amount readily visible gel stained with...

Depression occurs in more than half of patients who have experienced a stroke. Poststroke depression has been shown numerous studies to be associated with both impaired recovery activities daily living and increased mortality. Prevention thus represents potentially important goal.To determine whether treatment escitalopram or problem-solving therapy over the first year following acute stroke will decrease number cases that develop compared placebo medication.A multisite randomized controlled...

Neutrophil NADPH oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that activated to generate superoxide anion and defective in the cells of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. It requires both membrane cytosolic components, latter including 47- 67-kDa proteins recognized by polyclonal antiserum B-1. Immunoscreening an induced HL-60 lambda ZAP cDNA library yielded seven cross-hybridizing cDNAs encoding 47-kDa component. Fusion 22-50 kDa were Antiserum against fusion protein normal neutrophils but...

The nuclear DNA of Trypanosoma congolense contains a family highly conserved 369 base pair (bp) repeats. sequences three cloned copies these repeats were determined. An unrelated 177 bp has previously been shown to occur in the brucei (Sloof et al. 1983a). Oligonucleotides synthesized which prime specific amplification each repetitive DNAs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification 10% single parasite T. or spp. produced sufficient amplified product be visible as band an agarose gel...

Adjunctive restorative therapies administered during the first few months after stroke, period with greatest degree of spontaneous recovery, reduce number stroke patients significant disability.To examine effect escitalopram on cognitive outcome. We hypothesized that who received would show improved performance in neuropsychological tests assessing memory and executive functions than placebo or underwent Problem Solving Therapy.Randomized trial.Stroke center.One hundred twenty-nine were...

<h3>Context</h3> The term<i>vascular depression</i>(VD) has been used to describe late-life depressive disorders in patients with clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease. Preliminary data on poststroke depression suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) might also be effective among VD. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the efficacy and safety rTMS treat <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, randomized, sham-controlled study. <h3>Setting</h3> University hospital....

OBJECTIVE: The degree to which people with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive dysfunction can provide informed consent participate in research is a controversial issue. This study was designed examine the capacity of subjects schizophrenia HIV for participation determine relationships among dysfunction, symptoms, decisional capacity. METHOD: Twenty-five men women DSM-IV diagnosis 25 were recruited. groups compared terms neuropsychological functioning, ability hypothetical drug trial....

OBJECTIVE: Studies of patients experiencing their first episode psychosis have demonstrated that they typically remain undiagnosed and untreated for 1–2 years. It has been postulated prolonged may serious effects: poor response to neuroleptic medications, clinical outcomes, direct neurotoxicity. This study investigated the relationships between duration initial neurocognitive functioning high-resolution imaging brain measurements. METHOD: A total 156 subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia,...

Cognitive decline has been reported in Huntington disease (HD), as well the period before diagnosis of motor symptoms (i.e., pre-HD). However, severity, frequency, and characterization cognitive difficulties have not well-described. Applying similar cutoffs to those used mild impairment (MCI) research, current study examined rates subtle dysfunction (e.g., that does meet criteria for dementia) pre-HD.Using baseline data from 160 non-gene-expanded comparison participants, normative were...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pathological gambling disorder (PG) has been associated with fronto-temporal dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits, such as impulsivity novelty seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive variance neuropsychological characteristics in PG. Methods: Persons PG (n=25) a comparison group (n=34) were administered battery tests, Temperament Character Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Subjects had evidence assessed by Stroop, Wisconsin Card...

Outcome studies have generally not indicated significant cognitive disturbances after cingulotomy. There is now considerable evidence that the cingulate may play an important role in emotional behavior and attention.To characterize impairments of attention associated with bilateral lesions anterior cortex produced by cingulotomy.Twelve patients who underwent cingulotomy for treatment intractable pain were administered tests attention, executive functions, response intention production, a...

The cognitive effects of active and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were examined in 19 middle-aged elderly patients with refractory depression. Patients received either (n = 9) or 10) rTMS targeted at the anterior portion left middle frontal gyrus. group improved significantly on a test flexibility conceptual tracking (Trail Making Test–B).

Practice effects, defined as improvements in cognitive test performance due to repeated exposure the materials, have traditionally been viewed sources of error. However, they might provide useful information for predicting outcome. The current study used three separate patient samples (older adults with mild impairments, individuals who were HIV+, Huntington's disease) examine relationship between practice effects and functioning at a later point. Across all samples, accounted much 31–83%...

Background and Purpose— The presence of white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI is common among elderly individuals. Previous research suggests that cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased hyperintensities. Examining the role direct physiological measures vascular function will help to clarify mechanisms related aim present study was examine association between endothelial-dependent endothelial-independent vasodilatation hyperintensity volume. Methods— Twenty-five older...

Alcohol abuse and/or dependence (AA/D) and mood disturbance are co-occurring conditions among patients who have had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between these disorders has not been extensively studied.To examine of AA/D post-TBI effect on psychosocial outcome.Prospective, case-control surveillance study conducted during first year following trauma. Settings University hospital level I trauma centers specialized rehabilitation units. Patients One hundred...

The clinical literature in Huntington's disease (HD) suggests that unawareness of deficits is prevalent among HD patients. However, few studies have characterized different types impairment within this neuropsychiatric disorder. purpose the current study was to examine self-awareness functioning across symptom domains patients and explore association between impaired awareness cognitive dysfunction. A total 66 pairs collaterals completed symptom-rating measures regarding both patients'...

The diagnosis of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, is generally made by detecting parasites microscopic examination fresh blood. Although highly specific, this approach often lacks sensitivity. Several years ago, PCR assays for detection T. cruzi were described, but sensitivities and specificities these tests have not yet been defined precisely. In present study, we first compared methods differ in sample processing as well target...