The contribution of retinal flow (RF), extraretinal (ER), and egocentric visual direction (VD) information in locomotor control was explored. First, the recovery heading from RF examined when ER manipulated; results confirmed that signals affect judgments. Then task translated to steering curved paths, availability veracity VD were manipulated with either degraded or systematically biased RF. Large errors resulted selective manipulation VD, providing strong evidence for combination RF, ER,...

Detecting a looming object and its imminent collision is imperative to survival. For most humans, it fundamental aspect of daily activities such as driving, road crossing participating in sport, yet little known about how the brain both detects responds stimuli. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging assess neural response stimuli comparison with receding motion-controlled static We demonstrate for first time that, human, superior colliculus pulvinar nucleus thalamus respond...

We examined observers steering through a series of obstacles to determine the role active gaze in shaping locomotor trajectories.Participants sat on bicycle trainer integrated with large field view simulator and steered slalom gates.Steering behavior was determined by examining passing distance gates smoothness trajectory.Gaze monitoring revealed which targets were fixated for how long.Participants tended track most immediate gate until it ~1.5 seconds away at point switched next gate.To...

The neural systems responsible for postural control are separate from the substrates that underpin of hand. Nonetheless, and eye-hand coordination linked functionally. For example, a stable platform is required precise manual tasks (e.g. handwriting) thus such skills often cannot develop until child able to sit or stand upright. This raises question strength empirical relationship between measures stability motor control. We recorded objective computerised in stance sitting sample school...

Objective: To present a structured, narrative review highlighting research into human perceptual-motor coordination that can be applied to automated vehicle (AV)–human transitions. Background: Manual control of vehicles is made possible by the behaviors (gaze and steering actions), where active feedback loops enable drivers respond rapidly ever-changing environments. AVs will change nature driving periods monitoring followed driver taking over manual control. The impact this currently poorly...

Eye-movements have long been considered a problem when trying to understand the visual control of locomotion. They transform retinal image from simple expanding pattern moving texture elements (pure optic flow), into complex combination translation and rotation components (retinal flow). In this article we investigate whether there are measurable advantages having an active free gaze, over static gaze or tracking steering along winding path. We also examine patterns behavior determine...

M. F. Land and D. N. Lee (1994) suggested that steering around a bend is controlled through the estimation of curvature using visual direction single road feature: tangent point. The aim this study was to evaluate, simulated environment, whether high levels point fixation reported by some researchers are indeed related control. In first experiment, gaze patterns were examined when along roadways varying widths curvatures. Experiment 2 investigated effects enforced on steering, directed ahead...

Monocular blur sometimes impairs locomotion; however, it is not always clear when this will happen. Optic flow (the apparent motion of scene texture elements that occurs during self-motion) provides powerful signals about the direction travel. Here, we test whether monocular heading perception from optic compared to full vision under various levels degradation. Participants ( N = 52, mean age 30 years) completed contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and tasks with rich or degraded flow,...

Visual control of locomotion is essential for most mammals and requires coordination between perceptual processes action systems. Previous research on the neural systems engaged by self-motion has focused heading perception, which only one subcomponent. For effective steering, it necessary to perceive an appropriate future path then bring about required change heading. Using function magnetic resonance imaging in humans, we reveal a role parietal eye fields (PEFs) directing spatially...

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Old age is associated with poorer movement skill, as indexed by reduced speed and accuracy. Nevertheless, reductions in accuracy can also reflect compensation well deficit. We used a manual tracing driving task to identify generalized spatial temporal compensations deficits old age. In Experiment 1, participants hand-held stylus trace path. 2, steered along paths virtual reality simulator. both experiments, were required stay within the boundaries while we manipulated difficulty changing...

During locomotion, retinal flow, gaze angle, and vestibular information can contribute to one's perception of self-motion. Their respective roles were investigated during active steering: Retinal flow angle biased by altering the visual computer-simulated was controlled through use a motorized chair that rotated participant around his or her vertical axis. Chair rotation made appropriate for steering response inappropriate rotating proportion veridical amount. Large errors resulted from...

Navigating through the environment typically involves anticipating impending changes in heading trajectory addition to maintaining current direction of travel.We explored neural systems involved "far road" and "near mechanisms proposed by Land Horwood (1995) using simulated forwards or backwards travel.During egomotion distant road edges provided future information, which participants used improve their judgments.During did not enhance performance because they no longer prospective...

Substantial evidence indicates that decision outcomes are typically evaluated relative to expectations learned from relatively long sequences of previous outcomes. This mechanism is thought play a key role in general learning and adaptation processes but little known about the determinants outcome evaluation when capacity learn series prior events difficult or impossible. To investigate this issue, we examined how feedback-related negativity (FRN) modulated by information briefly presented...

Abstract How do animals and insects use visual information to move through the world successfully? Optic flow, pattern of motion at eye, is a powerful source about self-motion. Insects humans are sensitive global optic flow try maintain symmetry when flying or walking. The environments encounter, however, often contain demarcated paths that constrain future trajectories (e.g., roads), steering has been successfully modeled using only road edge information. Here we examine whether asymmetries...

Responding to changes in the road ahead is essential for successful driving. Steering control can be modeled using 2 complementary mechanisms: guidance (to anticipate future steering requirements) and compensatory stabilize position-in-lane). Drivers seem rapidly sample visual information needed active gaze patterns, but way which this perceptual combined remains unclear. Influential models of capture many behaviors just 'far' 'near' regions inform respectively (Salvucci & Gray, 2004)....

A major unresolved question in understanding visually guided locomotion humans is whether actions are driven solely by the immediately available optical information (model-free online control mechanisms), or internal models have a role anticipating future path. We designed two experiments to investigate this issue, measuring spontaneous gaze behaviour while steering, and predictive when path was withheld. In Experiment 1 participants (N = 15) steered along winding with rich optic flow:...

To steer a course through the world, people are almost entirely dependent on visual information, of which key component is optic flow. In many models locomotion, heading described as fundamental control variable; however, it has also been shown that fixating points along or near one's future path could be basis an efficient solution. Here, authors aim to establish how well observers can pinpoint instantaneous and path, by measuring their accuracy when looking at these features while...