Citrus greening or huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus. HLB associated with the phloem-limited fastidious prokaryotic alpha-proteobacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' In this report, we used sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) leaf tissue infected 'Ca. asiaticus' and compared healthy controls. Investigation host response was examined citrus microarray hybridization based on 33,879 expressed sequence tag sequences from several species hybrids. The analysis indicated that...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases citrus worldwide, and caused by a phloem-limited fastidious prokaryotic alpha-proteobacterium that yet to be cultured. In this study, combination traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) real-time PCR targeting putative DNA 16S rDNA sequence 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' respectively, were used examine distribution movement HLB pathogen in infected tree. We found 'Ca. asiaticus' was distributed bark tissue, leaf midrib,...

Plant defensins are small cysteine-rich antimicrobial proteins. Their three-dimensional structures similar in that they consist of an α-helix and three anti-parallel β-strands stabilized by four disulfide bonds. MsDef1 MtDef4 potent inhibitors the growth several filamentous fungi including Fusarium graminearum. However, differ markedly their antifungal properties as well modes action. induces prolific hyperbranching fungal hyphae, whereas does not. Both contain a highly conserved γ-core...

The bacterial diversity associated with citrus leaf midribs was characterized for groves that contained the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen, which has yet to be cultivated in vitro. We employed a combination of high-density phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene microarrays and clone library sequencing determine microbial community composition symptomatic asymptomatic midribs. Our results revealed can support microbes. PhyloChip analysis indicated 47 orders bacteria 15 phyla were present midribs, while 20...

MtDef4 is a 47-amino acid cysteine-rich evolutionary conserved defensin from model legume Medicago truncatula. It an apoplast-localized plant defense protein that inhibits the growth of ascomycetous fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum in vitro at micromolar concentrations. Little known about mechanisms by which mediates its antifungal activity. In this study, we show rapidly permeabilizes plasma membrane and internalized cells where it accumulates cytoplasm. Furthermore, analysis structure...

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas citri subsp. is the causal agent of citrus canker, which has a significant impact on production. In this study, we characterized galU gene X. . Two mutants (F6 and D12) were identified in an EZ-Tn5 <R6Kγori/KAN-2> Tnp transposon library. Rescue cloning, sequence analysis, Southern blot analysis indicated that both these had single copy inserted chromosome. Further study showed was required for biosynthesis extracellular polysaccharides (EPS; xanthan gum) capsular...

Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) and F. graminearum G. zeae) are well known to cause devastating diseases on cereal crops. Despite their importance, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these host-pathogen interactions is limited. The FSR1 locus was identified by screening REMI mutants for loss virulence maize stalk rot inoculation studies. encodes an 823-codon open reading frame interrupted two introns. Fsr1 protein shares 60% sequence...

Summary MsDef 1 and MtDef 4 from M edicago spp. are small cysteine‐rich defensins with potent antifungal activity against a broad range of filamentous fungi. Each defensin has hallmark γ‐core motif ( GXCX 3–9 C ), which contains major determinants its activity. In this study, the activities 1, 4, peptides derived their motifs, were characterized during colony initiation in fungal model, N eurospora crassa . These cognate inhibited conidial germination accompanying cell fusion different...

SUMMARY Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis Wineland) is a maize pathogen that causes ear rots and stalk rots. The fungus also produces group of mycotoxins, fumonisins, on infected ears, which cause considerable health economic concerns for humans animals worldwide. To date, our understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with fungal virulence fumonisin biosynthesis in F. limited. In this study, GBB1 , gene encoding putative β subunit...

Atmospheric CO 2 removal (CDR) is a fundamentally endergonic process. Performing CDR or Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) at the gigatonne scale will produce significant additional burden on planet’s limited renewable energy resources irrespective of technology employed. Harnessing photosynthesis to drive industrial-scale fixation has been interest because its minimal requirements potential low costs. In this review, we evaluated thermodynamic considerations performing...

Plant defensins including Medicago Sativa defensin 1 (MsDef1) are cysteine-rich antifungal peptides which known for potent broad-spectrum activity against bacterial or fungal pathogens of plants. The antimicrobial activities these cationic attributed to their capacity bind cell membranes create potentially structural defects tin the interact with intracellular target (s) and mediates cytotoxic effects. Our earlier work identified Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) fungus F. graminearum as a potential...

Fusarium verticillioides is an important pathogen of maize that causes ear rot and produces the mycotoxins known as fumonisins. To date, knowledge pathogenicity regulation fumonisin biosynthesis in F. limited. Here, molecular characterization GAP1, a gene encoding putative 540 aa protein belongs to glycolipid-anchored surface (GAS) family, presented. GAP1 was identified expressed sequence tag (EST) upregulated culture condition conducive conidiation B1 (FB1) production. null mutants GAM126...

SUMMARY Fumonisin B 1 (FB ) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides that contaminates maize. FB has been linked to number of human and animal mycotoxicoses worldwide. Despite its significance, our understanding the biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms limited. Here, we describe F. GBP1 , encoding monomeric G‐protein, role in biosynthesis. was discovered as an expressed sequence tag (EST) up‐regulated fcc1 mutant showed reduced conidiation no when grown on maize kernels. Sequence...

Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by pathogen Fusarium verticillioides in infected maize kernels. Consumption fumonisin-contaminated has been implicated number animal and human illnesses, including esophageal cancer neural tube defects. Since the initial discovery, chemistry, toxicology, biology fumonisins as well maize-Fusarium pathosystem have extensively studied. Furthermore, past decade, significant progress made terms understanding molecular toxin biosynthetic genes....

Abstract Introduction MsDef1, a 45-amino acid cysteine-rich peptide from the seed of Medicago sativa is an antifungal defensin small protein. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against fungal pathogens plants at low micromolar concentrations. The common vulnerability and cancer cells determines utility MsDef1 as potential anti-tumor agent. Results solution dynamics 15 N-labeled N longitudinal relaxation (T1) N- 1 H Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) shows that GlcCer binds two sites on...

Marine microalgae protein has better solubility and digestibility than other protein-based feeds. Apart from protein, high-value biomolecules have an immense potential to enhance the quality of feed, but knowledge about them is scarce.Marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass molecular characterisation along with commonly used feed such as fishmeal soymeal for ingredients.Liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was biomolecular characterisation. The correlation sets evaluated...