A5018644117- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2018-2024
University of North Carolina Health Care
2021
Abstract We describe early outcomes in 11 COVID-19 patients treated with the IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab. While C-reactive protein decreased, neither clinical improvement nor reduced temperature or oxygen requirements was observed most patients. Our findings contrast prior reports and raise questions about tocilizumab use severe COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 testing data in North Carolina during the first three months of state's COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed to determine if there disparities among intersecting axes identity including race, Latinx ethnicity, age, urban-rural residence, and residence a medically underserved area. Demographic residential used reconstruct patterns metrics (including tests per capita, positive test positivity rate which is an indicator sufficient testing) across race-ethnicity groups populations...
Abstract Background RTS,S/AS01 is the first vaccine against malaria to undergo pilot implementation, beginning in 2019 and vaccinating 360,000 children per year Malawi, Ghana, Kenya. The four-dose given as a primary three-dose series with fourth dose approximately 18 months later. efficacy of was variable among 11 sites participating 2009–2014 phase III trial (MALARIA-055, NCT00866619 ), possibly due differences transmission intensity. However, within-site examination environmental factors...
Abstract Background RTS,S/AS01 is the first malaria vaccine to be approved and recommended for widespread implementation by World Health Organization (WHO). Trials reported lower efficacies in higher-incidence sites, potentially due a “rebound” cases vaccinated children. When naturally acquired protection control group rises wanes concurrently, incidence can become greater than group, resulting negative efficacies. Methods Using data from 2009–2014 phase III trial (NCT00866619) Lilongwe,...
Abstract Background RTS,S/AS01 has been recommended by WHO for widespread implementation in medium to high malaria transmission settings. Previous analyses have noted lower vaccine efficacies higher settings, possibly due the more rapid development of naturally acquired immunity control group. Methods To investigate a reduced immune response vaccination as potential mechanism behind efficacy areas, we examine initial antibody (anti-CSP IgG) and against first case (to exclude effect immunity)...
Abstract Background: RTS,S/AS01 has been recommended by WHO for widespread implementation in medium to high malaria transmission settings. Previous analyses have noted lower vaccine efficacies higher settings, possibly due the more rapid development of naturally acquired immunity control group. Methods: To investigate a reduced immune response vaccination as potential mechanism behind efficacy areas, we examine initial antibody (anti-CSP IgG) and against first case exclude delayed effect...
Background Despite the reduction in global under-5 mortality over last decade, childhood deaths remain high. To combat this, there has been a shift focus from disease-specific interventions to use of healthcare data for resource allocation, evaluation performance and impact, accountability. This is descriptive analysis derived prospective cohort study describing paediatric admissions tertiary referral hospital Malawi purpose process quality improvement. Methods Using REDCap database, we...
Background: Detection of acute (pre-seroconversion) HIV infection (AHI), the phase highest transmission risk, requires resource-intensive RNA- or antigen-based detection methods that can be infeasible for routine use. Risk score algorithms improve efficiency AHI by identifying persons at risk prioritized RNA/antigen testing, but prior have not considered geospatial information, potential differences sex, current antibody testing paradigms. Methods: We used elastic net models to develop...
Deep tubewells are a key component of arsenic mitigation programs in rural Bangladesh. Compared to widely prevalent shallow tubewells, deep reduce ground-water exposure and provide better microbial water quality at source. However, the benefits clean drinking-water these more distant sources may be abated by higher levels contamination point-of-use. One such potential pathway is use contaminated surface for washing storage containers. The aim this study compare prevalence containers among...
Diagnosis-specific mortality is a measure of pediatric healthcare quality that has been incompletely studied in sub-Saharan African hospitals. Identifying the rates multiple conditions at same hospital may allow leaders to better target areas for intervention. In this secondary analysis routinely collected data, we investigated by admission diagnosis children aged 1-60 months admitted tertiary care government referral Malawi between October 2017 and June 2020. The rate was calculated as...
Abstract Background South Africa has a high HIV prevalence and generalized epidemic. It is now well established that the epidemic its drivers are highly heterogeneous, even in settings. Methods This study uses data from African HIV/AIDS, Behavioural Risks, Sero-status, Mass Media Impact (SABSSM), 2005, 2008 2012 surveys. To identify spatial clusters, we used scan statistic method SaTScan, assuming discrete Poisson distributions. regression models were to explore municipality-level correlates...