The authors investigated the technological utility of counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) circular-rotating fields (HCCW HCW) spin-polarized currents with an angular frequency ωH close to vortex eigenfrequency ωD, for reliable, low-power, selective switching bistate magnetization (M) orientations a core (VC) in array soft magnetic nanoelements. CCW CW circular gyrotropic motions response HCCW HCW, respectively, show remarkably contrasting resonant behaviors, (i.e., extremely...

The universal criterion for ultrafast vortex-core switching between the up- and down-core bistates in soft magnetic nanodots is investigated by micromagnetic simulations along with that occurs whenever velocity of motion reaches its critical velocity, upsilon cri = (1.66 +/- 0.18) gamma mean square root Aex (e.g., 330 37 m/s Permalloy), exchange stiffness gyromagnetic ratio gamma. On basis universality cri, phase diagrams event time respect to both amplitude frequency a circularly rotating...

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were fabricated on ZnO thin films deposited Si substrates. Effects of film thickness the mode and resonant frequency SAWs have been investigated. Rayleigh Sezawa waves detected, their frequencies decrease with increase in thickness. The has much higher velocity larger signal amplitude than those wave. Acoustic streaming for mixing realized piezoelectric SAWs. a better efficiency streaming, thus is very promising application microfluidics.

The authors report on electric-current-driven vortex-core (VC) reversal (switching) and the accompanying spin-wave emission, driven by spin-polarized ac currents of different amplitudes frequencies, investigated micromagnetic calculations dynamic evolution a magnetic vortex in Permalloy nanodots. magnetization orientation VC is effectively switchable between its upward downward bistates controllable applying current above threshold density, but with sufficiently small magnitude at...

A wide variety of coupled harmonic oscillators exist in nature1. Coupling between different allows for the possibility mutual energy transfer them2-4 and information-signal propagation5,6. Low-energy input signals their transport with low-energy dissipation are key technical factors design information processing devices7. Here, utilizing concept oscillators, we experimentally demonstrated a robust new mechanism spatially separated dipolar-coupled magnetic disks - stimulated vortex gyration....

Logic operations based on coupled magnetic vortices were experimentally demonstrated. We utilized a simple chain structure consisting of three physically separated but dipolar-coupled vortex-state Permalloy disks as well two electrodes for application the logical inputs. directly monitored vortex gyrations in middle disk, output, by time-resolved full-field soft X-ray microscopy measurements. By manipulating relative polarization configurations both end disks, different logic are...

As the demand for alternative fuels to solve environmental problems increases worldwide due greenhouse gas problem, this study predicted liquid hydrogen fuel in aviation achieve ‘zero-emission flight’. The models of an aircraft and all sectors were produced based on prediction fleet growth through classification currently operated aircraft. Using these models, required amount total cost also calculated when various regulations satisfied. a result, it was found be necessary convert...

High quality, c-axis oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown on silicon substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices fabricated with different thickness of ZnO ranging from 1.2 to 5.5 μmUm and the frequency responses characterized a network analyzer. Thick produce strongest transmission reflection signals SAW devices. The propagation velocity is also strongly dependent film thickness. performance could be improved addition SiO2layer, in name signal...

We report on an observation of transitions the fourfold degenerate state a magnetic vortex in soft nanodots by micromagnetic numerical calculations. The quaternary states patterned dots were found to be controllable changing density out-of-plane dc or pulse currents applied dots. Each can switched any other applying different sequence combinations individual single-step currents. step has characteristic threshold current and direction. This work offers promising way for manipulating both...

This study proposed the integrated design of an NH3 fuel supply system and a re-liquefaction for ocean-going NH3-fueled ship. The target ship was 14,000 TEU large container traveling from Asia to Europe. developed feed liquid at 40 °C 80 bar cope with re-circulated sealing oil. Its power consumptions SECs ranged 56.4 157.5 kW 0.0063 0.009 kWh/kg, respectively. An onboard vapor compression refrigeration cycle also designed liquefy BOG tank. system’s exergy efficiency SEC were 34.71% 0.224...

We demonstrated that dipole-exchange spin waves traveling in geometrically restricted magnetic thin films satisfy the same laws of reflection and refraction as light waves. Moreover, we found for first time novel wave behaviors such total negative refraction. The laterally inhomogeneous composed two different materials is associated with forbidden modes refracted occurs at a 90 degree domain-wall interface introduced by cubic anisotropy media, through anisotropic dispersion

It is known that oscillatory domain-wall (DW) motions in soft magnetic thin-film nanostripes above the Walker critical field lead to a remarkable reduction average DW velocities. In much-higher-field region beyond velocity-breakdown regime, however, velocities have been found increase response further of applied field. We report on physical origin and detailed mechanism this unexpected behavior. associate with serial dynamic processes nucleation vortex-antivortex (V-AV) pairs inside stripe...

We studied magnetic vortex oscillations associated with gyrotropic motion driven by spin-polarized out-of-plane dc current analytical and micromagnetic numerical calculations. Reliable controls of the tunable eigenfrequency orbital amplitude persistent were demonstrated. This work provides an advanced step toward practical application to oscillators in a wide frequency $(f)$ range 10--2000 MHz high values $f/\ensuremath{\Delta}f$.

Surface alloy formation of Fe on a Cr(100) surface was studied using UHV scanning tunneling microscope. As we deposited less than 1 ML at room temperature and subsequently annealed the substrate temperatures between 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, observed that atoms incorporate into surface, forming well-ordered ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.5}.$ These two elements were differentiated by imaging bias voltages near their states. The...

We observed sizable eigenfrequency shifts in spin-polarized dc-current-driven vortex gyrotropic motions a soft magnetic nanodot, and clarified the underlying physics through micromagnetic numerical calculations. It was found that is changed to higher (lower) values with increasing Oersted field (OH) strength associated out-of-plane dc current for chirality parallel (antiparallel) rotation sense of OH circumferential in-plane orientation. The shift be linearly proportional density j0 linear...

We present a web-based server, called ESTpass, for processing and annotating sequence data from expressed tag (EST) projects. ESTpass accepts FASTA-formatted EST file its quality as inputs, it then executes back-end analysis pipeline consisting of three consecutive steps. The first is cleansing the input sequences. second clustering assembling cleansed sequences using d2_cluster CAP3 programs producing putative transcripts. From output, detects chimeric which are confirmed through comparison...

We report an additional reversal mechanism of magnetic vortex cores in nanodot elements driven by currents flowing perpendicular to the sample plane, occurring via dynamic transformations between two coupled edge solitons and bulk solitons. This differs completely from well-known switching process mediated creation annihilation vortex-antivortex pairs terms associated topological solitons, energies, spin-wave emissions. Strongly localized out-of-plane gyrotropic fields induced fast motion...

Far-infrared spectra of magnetodielectric Dy${}_{3}$Fe${}_{5}$O${}_{12}$ garnet were studied using a combination transmittance, reflectivity, and rotating analyzer ellipsometry. In addition to purely dielectric magnetic modes, we observed several hybrid modes with mixed electric dipole activity. Using $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ matrix formalism for materials $\ensuremath{\mu}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\ne}1$, modeled the experimental optical determined far-infrared...

Vortex structures in soft magnetic nanodisks are highly attractive due to their scientific beauty and potential technological applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated the resonant amplification of vortex oscillations by application simple coherent field pulses tuned optimal width time intervals. In order investigate excitations on sub-ns scale, employed state-of-the-art time-resolved full-field X-ray microscopy 70 ps temporal 25 nm lateral resolution. We found that, enhancement...