In the mammalian brain, neural stem cells divide asymmetrically and often amplify number of progeny they generate via symmetrically dividing intermediate progenitors. Here we investigate whether specific cell-like neuroblasts in brain Drosophila might also neuronal proliferation by generating Cell lineage-tracing genetic marker analysis show that remarkably large neuroblast lineages exist dorsomedial larval Drosophila. These are generated to self renew but, unlike other neuroblasts, do not...

Brain development in Drosophila is characterized by two neurogenic periods, one during embryogenesis and a second larval life. Although much known about embryonic neurogenesis, little the genetic control of postembryonic brain development. Here we use mosaic analysis with repressible cell marker (MARCM) to study role tumor (brat) gene neural proliferation tumour suppression Drosophila. Our findings indicate that overproliferation brat mutants due loss central not optic lobe. Clonal indicates...

Studies on expression and function of key developmental control genes suggest that the embryonic vertebrate brain has a tripartite ground plan consists forebrain/midbrain, hindbrain an intervening midbrain/hindbrain boundary region, which are characterized by specific Otx, Hox Pax2/5/8 genes, respectively. We show fruitfly Drosophila melanogasterexpresses all three sets homologous in similar pattern. Thus, domain is located at interface brain-specific otd/Otx2 unpg/Gbx2 domains anterior to...

Members of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex are among most frequently mutated genes in human cancer, but how they suppress tumorigenesis is currently unclear. Here, we use Drosophila neuroblasts to demonstrate that component Osa (ARID1) prevents by ensuring correct lineage progression stem cell lineages. We show induces a transcriptional program transit-amplifying population initiates temporal patterning, limits self-renewal, and dedifferentiation. identify Prdm protein Hamlet as key...

Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs) have emerged as a model for stem cell biology that is ideal genetic analysis but limited by the lack of cell-type-specific gene expression data. Here, we describe method isolating large numbers pure NBs and differentiating neurons retain both cell-cycle lineage characteristics. We determine transcriptional profiles mRNA sequencing identify 28 predicted NB-specific transcription factors can be arranged in network containing hubs Notch signaling, growth control,...

The integration of exteroceptive information in the flight control system locust was studied by determining cellular basis ocellar- (simple eye) mediated flight. Neural interactions that transform phase-independent sensory input into phase-specific motor output were characterized. Ocellar about course deviations during conveyed to segmental thoracic ganglia three pairs large fast multimodal descending neurons. These made connections with motoneurons directly, via short-latency mono-or...

Specific dorsomedial (DM) neuroblast lineages of the Drosophila brain amplify their proliferation through generation transit amplifying intermediate progenitor cells. Together, these DM comprise over 5,000 adult-specific neural cells and thus represent a substantial part brain. However, no information is currently available about structure or function any in lineages. In this report we use MARCM-based clonal analysis together with immunocytochemical labeling techniques to investigate type...

ABSTRACT Studies in vertebrates show that homeotic genes are involved axial patterning and specifying segmental identity of the embryonic hindbrain spinal cord. To gain further insights into gene action during CNS development, we here characterize role brain development Drosophila. We first use neuroanatomical techniques to map entire anteroposterior order expression Drosophila CNS, demonstrate this is virtually identical mammals. then carry out a genetic analysis labial development. Our...

ABSTRACT Despite the obvious differences in anatomy between invertebrate and vertebrate brains, several genes involved development of both brain types belong to same family share similarities expression patterns. Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) murine Otx exemplify this, terms patterns mutant phenotypes. In contrast, sequence comparison OTD OTX gene products indicates that homology is restricted homeodomain suggesting protein divergence outside might account for functional acquired during...

ABSTRACT Members of the orthodenticle gene family are essential for embryonic brain development in animals as diverse insects and mammals. In Drosophila, mutational inactivation results deletions anterior parts defects ventral nerve cord. mouse, targeted elimination Overexpression either or human OTX homologous Otx2 Otx1 genes causes forebrain and/or midbrain development. To determine morphogenetic properties extent evolutionary conservation homologs indicates that these development, genetic...

Abstract Two different types of ears characterize the order Orthopteran insects. The auditory organs grasshoppers and locusts ( Caelifera ) are located in first abdominal segment, those bushcrickets crickets Ensifera found tibiae prothoracic legs. Using neuron‐specific antibody labelling, we describe ontogenetic origin these two organs, use comparative developmental studies to identify their segmental homologs, on basis homology postulate evolutionary origin. In receptors develop by...

ABSTRACT The establishment of initial axonal pathways in the embryonic brain Drosophila melanogaster was investigated at cellular and molecular level using antibody probes, enhancer detector strains pathfinding mutants. During embryogenesis, two bilaterally symmetrical cephalic neurogenic regions form, which are initially separated from each other ventral nerve cord. commissure that interconnects hemispheres is pioneered by axons project towards midline close association with an...

Interneurons involved in the generation of motor activity for flight locust were found first three abdominal ganglia as well thoracic ganglia. The evidence that sets homologous interneurons occur and supports theories insect wings originated from movable appendages which serially distributed along thorax abdomen under central nervous control.