A5017996402- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Light effects on plants
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Music Therapy and Health
- Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Sleep and related disorders
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Digestive system and related health
- Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Treatment of Major Depression
Thomas Jefferson University
2015-2024
Virginia Tech
2023
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2016
University of California, San Diego
2016
Harvard University
2016
Johnson Space Center
2015
Jefferson College
1993-2013
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
2008
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
1986-2001
United States Department of the Army
1999
The photopigment in the human eye that transduces light for circadian and neuroendocrine regulation, is unknown. aim of this study was to establish an action spectrum light-induced melatonin suppression could help elucidate ocular photoreceptor system regulating pineal gland. Subjects (37 females, 35 males, mean age 24.5 +/- 0.3 years) were healthy had normal color vision. Full-field, monochromatic exposures took place between 2:00 3:30 A.M. while subjects' pupils dilated. Blood samples...
This longitudinal study was designed to examine changes in medical students' empathy during school and determine when the most significant occur.Four hundred fifty-six students who entered Jefferson Medical College 2002 (n = 227) 2004 229) completed Scale of Physician Empathy at five different times: entry into on orientation day subsequently end each academic year. Statistical analyses were performed for entire cohort, as well "matched" cohort (participants identified themselves all test...
The endogenous circadian oscillator in mammals, situated the suprachiasmatic nuclei, receives environmental photic input from specialized subsets of photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells. human pacemaker is exquisitely sensitive to ocular light exposure, even some people who are otherwise totally blind. magnitude resetting response white depends on timing, intensity, duration, number and pattern exposures. We report here that humans, as measured by pineal melatonin rhythm, also wavelength...
To assess the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of acute effects ocular light exposure on alertness, performance, waking electroencephalogram (EEG), and cortisol.A between-subjects design was employed to compare 460-nm or 555-nm for 6.5 hours during biological night.Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.Sixteen healthy adults (8 women; mean age +/- SD = 23.3 2.4 years).Subjects were exposed equal photon densities (2.8 x 10(13) photons cm(-2) s(-1))...
Medical students confront significant academic, psychosocial, and existential stressors throughout their training. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an educational intervention designed to improve coping skills reduce emotional distress.The purpose of this study was examine the effectiveness MBSR in a prospective, nonrandomized, cohort-controlled study.Second-year (n = 140) elected participate 10-week seminar. Controls 162) participated didactic seminar on complementary medicine....
Light resets the circadian clock through a non–image-forming receptor system—or so it was thought; now, cone photoreceptors are shown to also participate.
Abstract The increased breast cancer risk in female night shift workers has been postulated to result from the suppression of pineal melatonin production by exposure light at night. Exposure rats bearing rat hepatomas or human xenografts increasing intensities white fluorescent during each 12-hour dark phase (0-345 μW/cm2) resulted a dose-dependent nocturnal blood levels and stimulation tumor growth linoleic acid uptake/metabolism mitogenic molecule 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Venous...
Light, including artificial light, has a range of effects on human physiology and behavior can therefore alter when inappropriately timed. One example potential light-induced disruption is the effect light circadian organization, production several hormone rhythms. Changes in light-dark exposure (e.g., by nonday occupation or transmeridian travel) shift timing system such that internal rhythms become desynchronized from both external environment internally with each other, impairing our...
As the ear has dual functions for audition and balance, eye a role in detecting light wide range of behavioral physiological separate from sight [1Czeisler C.A. Shanahan T.L. Klerman E.B. Martens H. Brotman D.J. Emens J.S. Klein T. Rizzo 3rd, J.F. Suppression melatonin secretion some blind patients by exposure to bright light.N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332: 6-11Crossref PubMed Scopus (532) Google Scholar, 2Ruberg F.L. Skene Hanifin J.P. Rollag M.D. English Arendt Brainard G.C. Melatonin...
Abstract The purpose of this study was to gather data on the efficacy a newly developed psychosocial group intervention for cancer patients, called mindfulness‐based art therapy (MBAT). One hundred and eleven women with variety diagnoses were paired by age randomized either an eight‐week MBAT or wait‐list control group. Ninety‐three participants (84%) completed both pre‐ post‐study measurements. As compared group, demonstrated significant decrease in symptoms distress (as measured Symptoms...
Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms sleep, as well neuroendocrine cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding the underpinning mechanisms emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust promote optimal physical mental performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way...
Light suppresses melatonin in humans, with the strongest response occurring short-wavelength portion of spectrum between 446 and 477 nm that appears blue. Blue monochromatic light has also been shown to be more effective than longer-wavelength for enhancing alertness. Disturbed circadian rhythms sleep loss have described as risk factors astronauts NASA ground control workers, well civilians. Such disturbances can result impaired alertness diminished performance. Prior exposing subjects from...
The circadian and neurobehavioral effects of light are primarily mediated by a retinal ganglion cell photoreceptor in the mammalian eye containing photopigment melanopsin. Nine action spectrum studies using rodents, monkeys, humans for these responses indicate peak sensitivities blue region visible ranging from 459 to 484 nm, with some disagreement short-wavelength sensitivity spectrum. aim this work was quantify human volunteers monochromatic 420-nm plasma melatonin suppression. Adult...
Previous studies have demonstrated short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting response to nocturnal light exposure. We assessed daytime spectral in alertness, performance, and waking electroencephalogram (EEG). Between-subjects (n = 8 per group). Inpatient intensive physiologic monitoring unit. Sixteen healthy young adults (mean age ± standard deviation 23.8 2.7 y). Equal photon density exposure (2.8 × 1013 photons/cm2/s) monochromatic 460 nm (blue) or 555 (green) 6.5 h centered...