A5105834577- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Bone and Joint Diseases
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Sex work and related issues
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Johns Hopkins University
2016-2025
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2016-2025
University of Florida
2024-2025
Florida College
2024-2025
MUJHU Research Collaboration
2014-2024
National Cancer Institute
2024
Cairo University
2024
National Institutes of Health
1997-2023
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1993-2023
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2017-2023
Background The AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 zidovudine prophylaxis regimen for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their babies has been associated with a significant decrease in vertical HIV-1 transmission non-breastfeeding developed countries. We compared the safety efficacy of short-course nevirapine or during labour first week life. Methods From November, 1997, to April, 1999, we enrolled 626 at Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda. randomly assigned mothers 200 mg orally onset 2...
Each year, an estimated 590,000 infants acquire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection from their mothers, mostly in developing countries that are unable to implement interventions now standard the industrialized world. In resource-poor settings, HIV pandemic has eroded hard-won gains infant and child survival. Recent clinical trial results international settings suggest short-course antiretroviral regimens could significantly reduce perinatal transmission worldwide if research...
Maternal, obstetrical, and infant-related factors associated with the risk of perinatal transmission human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were identified before widespread use zidovudine therapy in pregnant women. The for when women infants receive are not well characterized.
A substantial proportion of perinatally acquired infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occur at or near delivery, which suggests that obstetrical factors may have an important influence on transmission. We evaluated relation such and other variables to perinatal transmission HIV-1.
Objective To examine the emergence and fading of NVP resistance (NVPR) mutations in HIV-1-infected Ugandan women infants who received single dose to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission. Design We examined NVPR HIVNET 012 clinical trial, including 41 out 48 with infected infants, 70 randomly-selected uninfected 33 49 infants. Methods Plasma was analyzed using Applied Biosystems ViroSeq Genotyping System. Results were detected 21 111 (19%) tested 6–8 weeks after delivery. The rate similar...
Effective strategies are urgently needed to reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding in resource-limited settings.Women with HIV-1 infection who were infants enrolled a randomized, phase 3 trial Blantyre, Malawi. At birth, the randomly assigned one three regimens: single-dose nevirapine plus week zidovudine (control regimen) or control regimen daily extended prophylaxis either (extended nevirapine) dual prophylaxis) until age...
Randomized-trial data on the risks and benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as compared with zidovudine single-dose nevirapine to prevent transmission human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-infected pregnant women high CD4 counts are lacking.We randomly assigned at 14 or more weeks gestation least 350 cells per cubic millimeter plus a 1-to-2-week postpartum "tail" tenofovir emtricitabine (zidovudine alone); zidovudine, lamivudine, lopinavir-ritonavir (zidovudine-based ART); tenofovir,...
Little is known about COVID-19 outcomes among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, where preexisting comorbidities are prevalent.To assess the clinical factors associated with hospitalized 6 countries Africa.This cohort study was a retrospective record review of data from 25 hospitals Democratic Republic Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Uganda March 1 to December 31, 2020, included 469 patients aged 0 19 years SARS-CoV-2 infection.Age, sex, comorbidities, region residence.An...
THE SUCcessful perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention trial, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 (PACTG 076), which included an intensive regimen of zidovudine, were reported in February 1994, use zidovudine for mother-toinfant transmission HIV has become widespread United States. 1,2However, late effects exposure to antiretroviral drugs on subsequent health uninfected children are unknown and can be determined only by long-term follow-up exposed...
Data from the 1988 US National Health Interview Survey on Child Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were used to determine national estimates of school outcomes (grade failure, learning disabilities, and suspension/expulsion) mean number absences for children with asthma (CWA) compared well without current health conditions. Families indicated that 536 (4.9%) 10,362 survey in grades 1 through 12 had previous months. reported 18% CWA vs 15% grade 9% 5% 6% been expelled...
Objective: To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, tolerance, antiretroviral activity, and infant HIV infection status after giving a single dose of nevirapine to HIV-1-infected pregnant women during labor their newborns first week life. Design: An open label phase I/II study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Patients interventions: Nevirapine, 200mg, was given as 21 Ugandan women. In cohort 1, eight infants did not receive whereas in 2, 13 received nevirapine, 2mg/kg, at...
Objective A recent trial in Uganda demonstrated that a simple, inexpensive regimen of nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis can dramatically reduce HIV-1 vertical transmission risk. In this regimen, women receive single dose NVP at the onset labor and infants within 72 h birth. The objective study was to determine whether variants with resistance mutations were selected Ugandan who received Phase I/II HIVNET 006. Methods Reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences from plasma analyzed 15 6 weeks after...
To evaluate the relationship of geographic mobility to children's emotional/behavioral adjustment and school functioning.Analysis data from 1988 National Health Interview Survey Child in which multistage probability sampling was used obtain for nationally representative estimates health demographic characteristics US children.10,362 school-age children their families.The includes on characteristics, variables, functioning, 10,362 children. This study examined reported emotional problems, use...
Objective To evaluate the relationship of drug use with maternal HIV culture positivity at delivery and perinatal transmission. Design Multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting Obstetric pediatric clinics in five cities United States. Participants Five hundred thirty HIV-infected pregnant women their infants. Main outcome measures Multivariate logistic regression was used to association 'hard drug' (one or more following: cocaine, heroin/opiates, methadone, injecting use) assessed by...
Timothy Thomas and colleagues report the results of Kisumu breastfeeding study (Kenya), a single-arm trial that assessed feasibility safety triple-antiretroviral regimen to suppress maternal HIV load in late pregnancy.
Our goal was to determine trends in low birth weight and preterm among US infants born HIV-infected women.We used data from the longitudinal Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease, a large cohort, assess 1989 2004 11,321 study infants. Among women with prenatal care, we also assessed risk factors, including maternal antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, that were predictive using univariate multivariate logistic regression models.Overall, 11,231 14,464 who enrolled Disease tested neonatal...
Background: No randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal therapy (mART) for prevention mother-to-child transmission throughout breastfeeding period. Setting: Fourteen sites in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. Methods: A randomized, open-label strategy was conducted HIV-1–infected women with CD4 counts ≥350 cells/mm 3 (or ≥country-specific ART threshold if higher) their HIV-1–uninfected newborns. Randomization at 6–14 days...
To determine the impact of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 076 results on subsequent use zidovudine during pregnancy and transmission rate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a cohort mother-infant pairs (Women Infants Transmission Study), retrospective analysis was done. rates were calculated by simple proportion for infants with at least 6 months follow-up, stratified date birth (n = 453 born or before 1 March 1994; n 103 after 1994). decreased from 19% to 8% (P .005, Fisher's...
Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 185 evaluated whether zidovudine combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune immunoglobulin (HIVIG) infusions administered monthly during pregnancy and to the neonate at birth would significantly lower perinatal HIV transmission compared treatment intravenous (IVIG) without antibody. Subjects had baseline CD4 cell counts ⩽500/μL (22% <200/μL) required for maternal health (24% received before pregnancy). Transmission was...
Zidovudine has been the drug of choice for initial treatment symptomatic children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This trial was designed to assess efficacy and safety zidovudine alone as compared either didanosine or combination therapy plus didanosine.