A5026899432- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
Morgridge Institute for Research
2015-2024
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2015-2024
Center for Cancer Research
2005-2023
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2013-2023
Institute of Virology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
2000-2023
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
2017-2023
University of Utah
2014
Faculty of Public Health
2014
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
2007
WiCell
2007
All viruses are gene poor relative to their hosts: even the largest viral genomes only encode hundreds of genes, while those host cells typically tens thousands genes. Thus, most steps in virus infection involve interactions between relatively few different types components and much more complex pools factors. This sea factors represents both essential milieu which must adapt for survival a tremendous, manipulatable resource gene-poor viruses. Accordingly, play important roles infection,...
Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with nearly all cervical cancers, 20% to 30% of head and neck cancers (HNC), other cancers. Because HNCs also arise in HPV-negative patients, this type cancer provides unique opportunities define similarities differences HPV-positive versus arising the same tissue. Here, we describe genome-wide expression profiling 84 HNCs, site-matched normal epithelial samples which used laser capture microdissection enrich for tumor-derived cells. This...
Using highly sensitive microarray-based procedures, we identified eight microRNAs (miRNAs) showing robust differential expression between 31 laser-capture-microdissected nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) and 10 normal healthy epithelial samples. In particular, miRNA mir-29c was expressed at one-fifth the levels in tumors as epithelium. NPC tumors, lower correlated with higher of multiple mRNAs whose 3' UTRs can bind target sequences conserved across many vertebrates. cultured cells,...
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are DNA viruses associated with major human cancers. As such there is a strong interest in developing new means, as vaccines and microbicides, to prevent HPV infections. Developing the latter requires better understanding of infectious life cycle HPVs. The closely linked differentiation state stratified epithelium it infects, progeny virus only made terminally differentiating suprabasal compartment. It has long been recognized that must first establish its...
Significance Cervical cancer (CxCa) is the second most frequent in women and third leading cause of death worldwide. Our global analysis gene expression normal, precancerous, cancerous cervical tissue shows increased DNA replication/repair cell proliferation followed by substantial metabolic shifts. We observed a dramatic, progressive decrease estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) tumor progression, ranking specimens estrogen-responsive correlated remarkably with histopathology. Whereas ERα shuts...
In vitro transcripts from mixtures of appropriate brome mosaic virus (BMV) cDNA clones are infectious when inoculated onto barley plants. Infectivity depends on in transcription and the presence all three BMV genetic components. is destroyed by RNase after transcription, but it insensitive to before or DNase transcription. Virion RNAs plants infected with hybridize BMV-specific probes coelectrophorese virion propagated conventional inoculum. Direct RNA sequencing shows that a deletion...
Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest genetic class of and include many serious human pathogens. All positive-strand replicate their genomes in association with intracellular membrane rearrangements such as single- or double-membrane vesicles. However, exact sites synthesis crucial topological relationships between relevant membranes, vesicle interiors, surrounding lumens, cytoplasm generally poorly defined. We applied electron microscope tomography complementary approaches to flock...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that chronically infects approximately 350 million people, causing liver disease and cancer. HBV virions bud into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated intracellular compartment, but the mechanisms of assembly, budding, release remain poorly understood. Budding retroviruses some other enveloped RNA viruses from plasma membranes requires host functions involved in protein sorting late endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs). To determine...
Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest virus class and include many pathogens such as hepatitis C severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS). Brome mosaic (BMV) is a representative positive-strand whose replication, gene expression, encapsidation have been reproduced in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . By using traditional genetics, host genes identified that function controlling BMV translation, selecting RNAs replication templates, activating complex, maintaining lipid...
A prespecified set of genes may be enriched, to varying degrees, for that have altered expression levels relative two or more states a cell. Knowing the enrichment gene sets defined by functional categories, such as ontology (GO) annotations, is valuable analyzing biological signals in microarray data. common approach measuring cross-classifying according membership category and on selected list significantly genes. small Fisher's exact test p-value, example, this 2×2 table indicative...
The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the proteins encoded by AMV RNA 1 BMV 2 are related to NH2-terminal two-thirds COOH-terminal one-third, respectively, of largest protein TMV. Separating these two domains in TMV is an amber termination codon, whose partial suppression allows translation downstream domain. Many...
Abstract To identify the molecular mechanisms by which EBV-associated epithelial cancers are maintained, we measured expression of essentially all human genes and latent EBV in a collection 31 laser-captured, microdissected nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue samples 10 normal tissues. Global gene profiles clearly distinguished tumors from healthy epithelium. Expression levels six viral (EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3B, LMP1, LMP2A) were correlated among themselves strongly inversely with...
ABSTRACT The identification and characterization of host cell membranes essential for positive-strand RNA virus replication should provide insight into the mechanisms viral potentially identify novel targets broadly effective antiviral agents. alphanodavirus flock house (FHV) is a with one smallest known genomes among animal viruses, it can replicate in insect, plant, mammalian, yeast cells. To investigate localization FHV replication, we generated polyclonal antisera against protein A,...
Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a plant whose genome consists of three RNA components. A previously described viral complementary DNA expression system has been used to express both wild-type and altered genomic RNA's in barley protoplasts. Variants BMV RNA3 were constructed which the coat gene had removed or replaced with sequences encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CAT also inserted near 5' end intact gene. When inoculated on protoplasts together transcripts 1 2, all these...
The helicase-like 1a and polymerase-like 2a proteins of brome mosaic virus (BMV) are required for viral RNA replication in vivo, present membrane-bound polymerase extracts, share conservation with the many other members alphavirus-like superfamily. To better understand BMV BMV-host interactions, we used confocal microscopy double-label immunofluorescence to determine compare sites 1a, 2a, nascent accumulation BMV-infected barley protoplasts. showed nearly complete colocalization throughout...
Although the genetic organization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) differs considerably from that tripartite viruses (alfalfa [AlMV] and brome [BMV]), all these RNA plant share three domains homology among their nonstructural proteins. One such domain, common to AlMV BMV 2a proteins readthrough portion TMV p183, is also homologous protein nsP4 Sindbis (Haseloff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4358-4362, 1984). Two more are conserved 1a p126. We show here have with portions nsP1 nsP2,...
RNAs 1 and 2 of the tripartite cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) genome are sufficient for RNA replication in protoplasts, whereas systemic infection plants additionally requires RNA3, which encodes 3a noncapsid protein coat protein. By using biologically active CCMV cDNA clones, we find that deletions either RNA3 gene block infection. Thus, though some plant viruses able to spread systemically without encapsidation, both genes required cowpeas by CCMV. When were coinoculated with...