This report presents a three-stage model (ARRM) that characterize people's efforts to change sexual behaviors related HIV transmission. ARRM focuses on social and psychological factors hypothesized influence (1) labeling of high risk as problematic, (2) making commitment changing behaviors, (3) seeking enacting solutions directed at reducing activities. The proposed integrates important concepts from prior behavioral medicine human sexuality stud ies, specifies their differential import...

Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding definition of within public health. This study examined whether members diverse US communities described in similar ways. To identify strategies to support HIV vaccine trials, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 African Americans Durham, NC; 26 gay men San Francisco, Calif; injection drug users Philadelphia, Pa; and 42 researchers across United States. Verbatim responses question “What does...

OBJECTIVES. Since young gay men are engaging in alarmingly high rates of unsafe sex and few seek help for changing risky behaviors, community-level programs to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among them urgently needed. METHODS. We developed implemented a HIV prevention program midsized Oregon community. The peer-led had three components: out-reach, small groups, publicity campaign. Independently from program, cohort (n = 300) was surveyed this similar...

We examined the 6-month cumulative incidence of anti-gay harassment, discrimination, and violence among young gay/bisexual men documented their associations with mental health.Gay/bisexual from 3 cities in southwestern United States completed self-administered questionnaires.Thirty-seven percent reported experiencing verbal harassment previous 6 months; 11.2% 4.8% physical violence. Men were more likely to report these experiences if they younger, open disclosing sexual orientation others,...

In the USA, young Black gay men are disproportionately impacted upon by HIV. this qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews with 31 and nine service providers, where we used thematic analysis to guide our interpretations, found that HIV-related stigma homophobia, within larger societal context racism, were related sexual risk behaviour, reluctance obtain HIV testing or care, lower adherence treatment medication, non-disclosure a positive status partners. Participants experienced...

We examined the prevalence and correlates of condom use in a community-based sample unmarried heterosexual gay/bisexual Whites, Blacks, Hispanics (aged 20 to 44 years) San Francisco (n = 1229). Only 9% males reported always using condoms, fewer those with multiple sexual partners (6%) condoms compared monogamous relationships (12%). Much higher proportions men (48%). Racial differences were observed only among women. Sexual communication enjoyment value consistent across gender orientation,...

Ethical research involving human subjects mandates that individual informed consent be obtained from participants or surrogates when are not able to for themselves. The existing requirements assume all study have personal autonomy; fully comprehend the purpose, risks, and benefits of research; volunteer projects disclose relevant information. Yet contemporary examples lapses in process been reported. authors propose use community advisory boards, which can facilitate by providing advice...

Over a year when public health information regarding AIDS intensified, changes in perceptions and use of condoms sample sexually active adolescents San Francisco were examined. Although that prevent transmitted diseases (STDs) the value importance placed on avoiding STDs remained high, these neither reflected increased intentions to nor use.

The development of AIDS interventions for adolescents is hindered by the lack data on conditions that influence high‐risk sexual behavior. We examined psychosocial correlates condom use and multiple partner sex a sample sexually‐active heterosexual adolescent women. Respondents reported higher levels vaginal intercourse than "average" adolescent. A minority were engaging in anal intercourse. Condom was associated with perceived enjoyment condoms communication skills. Number partners...

Previous research has shown younger age to be correlated with greater HIV sexual risk-taking among gay men. The purpose of this study was identify variables associated Ninety-nine men aged 18–25 in three medium-sized West Coast communities completed self-report questionnaires regarding HIV-related behaviors and attitudes. Of the respondents, 43% reported having engaged unprotected anal intercourse during previous 6 months. Men who enjoyment intercourse, perceived less risk labeled themselves...

Food insecurity is a risk factor for both HIV transmission and worse clinical outcomes. We examined the prevalence of factors associated with food among homeless marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco recruited from Research on Access to Care Homeless Cohort. used multiple logistic regression determine socio-demographic behavioral insecurity, which was measured using Household Insecurity Scale. Among 250 participants, over half (53.6%) were insecure. Higher odds being...

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To describe interactions between men who have sex with (MSM) and healthcare workers (HCW) in peri-urban township communities South Africa. <h3>Method:</h3> Qualitative study using semistructured in-depth interviews focus group discussions the Gauteng province townships of Soweto Mamelodi. 32 MSM were purposively sampled for 15 discussions. Topics explored included identity, sexuality, community life, use health services experiences stigma discrimination....

HIV is highly stigmatized, compromising both treatment and prevention in resource-limited settings.We sought to study the relationship between internalized HIV-related stigma serostatus disclosure determine extent which this association varies with degree of social distance.We fit multivariable Poisson regression models, cluster-correlated robust estimates variance, data from 259 persons enrolled an ongoing cohort rural Uganda.Persons more were less likely disclose their seropositivity. The...

OBJECTIVES. This study examined hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy in urban Rwandan women, following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing counseling. METHODS. A sample of 1458 childbearing women aged 18 to 35 years was tested followed for 2 years. RESULTS. At enrollment, 17% 998 HIV-negative 11% 460 HIV-positive were pregnant, vs 23%, respectively, using contraceptives. One year later, half the one third hormonal-contraceptive users had discontinued use. The 2-year...

Understanding how acculturation and gender affect Hispanics' sexual behavior is needed to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. We examined differences in correlates of condom use among 398 Hispanics 540 non-Hispanic Whites San Francisco who were part a random probability sample unmarried adults. Hispanic women reported fewer partners than all other groups. Condom was low groups, but Spanish-speaking lower White women. Hispanics, generally, had poorer attitudes toward...

Objectives: To compare the prevalence and predictors of HIV sexual risk behavior among young gay bisexual men who perceived themselves to be HIV-negative, HIV-positive, or were untested. Design: Population-based sample men. Methods: Using multi-stage probability sampling, 408 aged 18–29 years in San Francisco recruited interviewed, blood samples for HIV-testing from 364 participants obtained. Results: was 18.7%, although 25% HIV-positive did not know it. Thirty-seven per cent reported...

It may be as important to measure a failure achieve desirable states of mind it is negative moods. The proposed positive was found internally consistent, sensitive degrees life stress, well accepted, quick administer, and amenable use repeated in longitudinal studies. Data from 187 men women college student sample are reported.

This study examined the health concerns and behaviors of 563 adolescents (aged 11 through 14) from a variety social, racial, ethnic backgrounds. Behaviors associated with adolescent morbidity mortality were examined, including sexual behavior, substance use, injury-related behaviors. Although young are often viewed as unlikely participants in these risk behaviors, results this suggest that greater attention should be paid to younger group their health-risk A majority sample had tried alcohol...

We examined the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (J. Catania, S. Kegeles, & T. Coates) in a sample of unmarried heterosexual adults with an HIV risk factor (n = 716). Labeling one's sexual behavior as risky was associated having history sexually transmitted diseases, particularly genital herpes, and fewer stereotypic health beliefs. For people secondary partners, greater condom commitment related to increased labeling, supportive norms, enjoyment, high levels use were commitment, protective...

Summary: The objective of this study was to report prevalence rates adherence by HIV-seropositive individuals medical recommendations for the treatment HIV infection, a behavioral pattern referred as AIDS secondary prevention. We cross-sectional data (n = 2,593) from two household-based and bar-based samples gay/bisexual men, gathered in 1992 Tucson, Arizona, Portland, Oregon. main outcome variables were antibody testing recommended prevention behaviors prevent onset symptoms. Approximately...