A5069436379- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
2016-2025
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
2010-2024
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
2019-2024
University of Pennsylvania
2020-2024
Hanoi National University of Education
2024
University of Oxford
2012-2023
University of Finance - Marketing
2023
Ministry of Science and Technology
2022
Willis Towers Watson (United Kingdom)
2022
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
2022
Recent outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in poultry throughout Asia have had major economic and health repercussions. Human infections with this virus were identified Vietnam January 2004.
In southern Vietnam, a four-year-old boy presented with severe diarrhea, followed by seizures, coma, and death. The cerebrospinal fluid contained 1 white cell per cubic millimeter, normal glucose levels, increased levels of protein (0.81 g liter). diagnosis avian influenza A (H5N1) was established isolation the virus from fluid, fecal, throat, serum specimens. patient's nine-year-old sister had died similar syndrome two weeks earlier. both siblings, clinical acute encephalitis. Neither...
The factors that govern the development of tuberculosis disease are incompletely understood. We hypothesized some strains Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis) more capable causing disseminated than others and may be associated with polymorphisms in host genes responsible for innate immune response to infection. compared bacterial genotype 187 Vietnamese adults tuberculous meningitis (TBM) 237 uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis. cases was also 392 cord blood controls from same population....
The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. Current vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. An alternative approach is to pre-existing memory T cells established by seasonal human could cross-react with H5N1 targeting highly conserved internal proteins. To determine how common cross-reactive are, we performed comprehensive ex vivo...
Streptococcus suis infection is an emerging zoonosis in Asia. We determined the detailed epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of S. meningitis adults.We prospectively studied 450 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis. Four hundred thirty-five (96.7%) participated a trial to determine effect adjunctive dexamethasone treatment. For infection, DNA load at hospital admission during treatment was analyzed cerebrospinal fluid specimens using quantitative real-time...
Cryptococcal meningitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes more than 600,000 deaths each year worldwide. Treatment has changed little in 20 years, and there are no imminent new anticryptococcal agents. The use of adjuvant glucocorticoids reduces mortality among patients other forms some populations, but their is untested cryptococcal meningitis.
Tuberculous meningitis is often lethal. Early antituberculosis treatment and adjunctive with glucocorticoids improve survival, but nearly one third of patients the condition still die. We hypothesized that intensified would enhance killing intracerebral Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms decrease rate death among patients.We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults HIV-uninfected clinical diagnosis...
Background. Dengue is the most common arboviral infection of humans. There are currently no specific treatments for dengue. Balapiravir a prodrug nucleoside analogue (called R1479) and an inhibitor hepatitis C virus replication in vivo. Methods. We conducted vitro experiments to determine potency balapiravir against dengue viruses then exploratory, dose-escalating, randomized placebo-controlled trial adult male patients with <48 hours fever. Results. The clinical laboratory adverse event...
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease of humans. The host and virus variables associated with dengue (DENV) transmission from symptomatic cases ( n = 208) to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes during 407 independent exposure events was defined. 50% mosquito infectious dose for each DENV-1–4 ranged 6.29 7.52 log10 RNA copies/mL plasma. Increasing day illness, declining viremia, rising antibody titers were independently reduced risk DENV transmission. High early plasma viremia levels in...
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). Strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or carbapenemases are considered global priority pathogens for which new treatment and prevention strategies urgently required, due to severely limited therapeutic options. South Southeast Asia major hubs antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) K. also the characteristically antimicrobial-sensitive, community-acquired "hypervirulent" strains. The emergence hypervirulent...
Abstract Background Little is known about the natural history of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods We conducted a prospective study at quarantine center for disease 2019 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. enrolled quarantined people with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting clinical data, travel and contact history, saliva enrollment daily nasopharyngeal/throat swabs (NTSs)...
Understanding trends in dengue disease burden and risk factors for severe can inform health service allocation, clinical management, planning vaccines therapeutics. Dengue admissions at three tertiary hospitals Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, increased between 1996 2009, peaking 22,860 2008. Children aged 6–10 years had highest of shock syndrome (DSS); however, mortality was younger children decreased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.75 6- to 10-...
Experimental work and modeling studies reveal that Aedes aegypti infected with the Wolbachia bacterium have reduced vector competence for transmission of dengue viruses.
Wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium estimated to chronically infect between 40–75% of all arthropod species. Aedes aegypti, the principle mosquito vector dengue virus (DENV), not a natural host Wolbachia. The transinfection strains such as wAlbB, wMel and wMelPop-CLA into Ae. aegypti has been shown significantly reduce competence this for range human pathogens in laboratory. This led wMel-transinfected currently being released five countries evaluate its effectiveness control...
ABSTRACT Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Microbiological confirmation rare, and treatment often delayed, increasing mortality morbidity. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was evaluated in a large cohort patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis. Three hundred seventy-nine presenting to Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, between 17 April 2011 31 December 2012 were included study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples tested by Ziehl-Neelsen...
Adjunctive glucocorticoids are widely used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculous meningitis despite limited data supporting their safety and efficacy.
It is uncertain whether all adults with bacterial meningitis benefit from treatment adjunctive dexamethasone.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone in 435 patients over the age 14 years who had suspected meningitis. The goal was to determine reduced risk death at 1 month and or disability 6 months.A total 217 were assigned group, 218 placebo group. Bacterial confirmed 300 (69.0%), probable diagnosed 123 (28.3%), an alternative diagnosis made 12...
This study describes the pattern and extent of drug resistance in 1,774 strains Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated across Asia between 1993 2005 characterizes molecular mechanisms underlying reduced susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones these strains. For 1,393 collected southern Vietnam, proportion multidrug has remained high since (50% 2004) there was a dramatic increase nalidixic acid (4%) (97%). In cross-sectional sample 381 from 8 Asian countries, Bangladesh, China, India,...
Background New prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses are needed. We generated neutralizing anti-H5N1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) tested their efficacy for prophylaxis therapy in a murine model of infection. Methods Findings Using Epstein-Barr virus we immortalized memory B cells from Vietnamese adults who had recovered HPAI viruses. Supernatants cell lines were screened neutralization assay. secreting...
Talaromyces marneffei infection is a major cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death in South and Southeast Asia. Guidelines recommend initial treatment with amphotericin B deoxycholate, but this drug has substantial side effects, high cost, limited availability. Itraconazole available oral form, associated fewer unacceptable effects than amphotericin, widely used place amphotericin; however, clinical trials comparing these two treatments are lacking.In open-label,...
Abstract Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs worldwide and is increasingly implicated zoonotic East South-East Asia. To understand the genetic basis of S. , we study genomes 375 isolates with detailed clinical phenotypes from humans United Kingdom Vietnam. Here, show that associated contain substantially fewer genes than non-clinical isolates, but are more likely to encode virulence factors. Human limited a single-virulent population, originating 1920, s when pig production was...