We report a low-power object-adaptive CMOS imager, which suppresses spatial temporal bandwidth. The imager has embedded feature extraction algorithm for identifying objects of interest. sensor wakes up triggered by motion sensing and extracts features from the captured image detection object-of-interest (OOI). Full-image capturing operation signal transmission are performed only when interested found, significantly reduces power consumption at node. This motion-triggered OOI imaging saves...

This article presents a 36-channel scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor with an on-chip single-photon avalanche diode array. The has area-efficient 11-bit in situ histogramming time-to-digital converter 3000 ×78 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per channel area based on mixed-signal accumulator, though it is incorporated filtering capabilities. Furthermore, owing to its embedded interference (IF) filter,...

This paper presents a low-power always-on image sensor for mobile and wearable device applications. The continuously captures images smart sensing, such as face detection, eye tracking, gesture recognition, it provides high-resolution capturing pictures with unified sensor. employs switchable dual mode: (AO) mode low power consumption photo-shooting (PS) high signal-to-noise ratio. For dual-mode operation energy efficiency, we implemented dynamic voltage scaling that 0.9 V analog-digital...

This paper presents a CMOS time-of-flight (TOF) 3-D camera employing column-level background light (BGL) suppression scheme for high-resolution outdoor imaging. The use of the approach minimizes pixel size high-density arrays. Pixel-binning and super-resolution can be adaptably applied an optimal BGL at given spatiotemporal resolutions. A prototype sensor has been fabricated by using 0.11 μm processes. achieved fill factor 24% in pitch 5.9 which is smallest among all reported TOF cameras up...

This article presents a 320 × 240 indirect time-of-flight (iToF) CMOS image sensor (CIS) with on-chip motion artifact suppression and background light cancelling (BGLC). The proposed iToF CIS uses backside-illuminated trident pinned photodiode (PPD) that assists charge transfer built-in lateral electric field for enhanced depth accuracy. To overcome the limitation of conventional exhibits artifact, we propose pseudo-four-tap (P4-tap) demodulation method alternate phase driving using two-tap...

Lithium (Li) metal is recognized as a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries primarily due to its high specific capacity and energy density. However, major challenge persists in uncontrolled Li electrodeposition irregular solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation during cycling, leading premature cell failure safety hazards. Herein, an artificial SEI presented with tailored lithiophilicity solvent-phobicity address these critical issues. As model system the SEI, series of...

This procedure is used to collect eDNA samples from different locations around Mo'orea, French Polynesia; completed by UC Berkeley's Island Sustainability class of 2025 with Dr. Chris Meyer. protocol includes steps select sites interest, a water sample, and filter process the sample.

3D imaging technologies have become prevalent for diverse applications such as user identification, interactive interfaces with AR/VR devices, and self-driving cars. Direct time-of-flight (D-ToF) systems, LiDAR sensors, are desirable long-distance measurements in outdoor environments because they offer high sensitivity to weak reflected light immunity background thanks the spatiotemporal correlation of SPADs [1], [2]. SPAD-based sensors suffer from a large amount ToF data generated by...

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have become one of the key building blocks to realize metaverse applications with VR/AR in mobile devices level-5 automotive vehicles. In particular, SPAD-based direct time-of-flight (D-ToF) emerged as LiDAR because they offer a longer maximum detectable range higher background light immunity than indirect (I-ToF) photon-mixing [1]. However, their complicated front- back-end resolve ToF values short 100ps require high-resolution TDCs several...

Three-dimensional (3-D) mapping for recognizing surrounding objects plays a crucial role in realizing the metaverse and spatial computing on mobile devices. A LiDAR sensor based direct time-of-flight (dToF) technology is one of strong candidates to provide depth information real time, its development efforts have recently surged. Flash systems are suitable 3-D within 20-to-30m ranges because all pixels simultaneously operate with diffused infrared light global-shutter manner, achieving...

We present an energy/illumination-adaptive CMOS image sensor for distributed wireless applications. The adaptive feature enables always-on imaging operation with extremely low power consumption extended lifetime of nodes and provides optimum images in a wide range illuminations. For operation, the employs reconfigurable modes operation. Most time, is monitoring mode, which keeps at consumption. turns into high-sensitivity mode or dynamic when illumination varies sufficient supply available...

We present an indirect Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor based on standard pinned-photodiode (PPD) devices and design guides to pave the way for development of a ToF pixel operating at 100 MHz modulation frequency. The PPDs are established well as predominant 2-D color imagers in these days because their low noise characteristic, but slow transfer speed photo-generated electrons still prevents them from being employed 3-D depth imagers. Optimized PPD structure with no process modifications is...

In this paper, we report a CMOS image sensor for spatial-temporal multiresolution images. This simultaneously generates two outputs: one normal images (<30 fps) of stationery background and the other adaptable frame-rate (over 960 moving objects. The objects are tracked with reduced spatial resolution in region-of-interest (ROI). entire is reconstructed from details suppressed motion blur High frame rate only applies to ROI; therefore, proposed scheme can significantly reduce power...

Flexible and thin displays for smart devices have a large coupling capacitance between the sensor electrode of touch screen panel (TSP) display electrode. This increased limits signal passband to less than 100 kHz, resulting in significant reduction received signal, with driving frequency several hundred kilohertz used noise avoidance. To overcome this problem, we reduced effective at analog front-end by connecting circuit negative parallel TSP. In addition, in-phase quadrature demodulation...

This paper presents a 36-channel scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor with an on-chip single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. The has 11b in-situ histogramming time-to-digital converter (hTDC) small area of 3000×78μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /channel based on the mixed-signal accumulator. also employs embedded interference (IF) filter for reliable direct time-of-flight (dTOF) measurement even if...

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems measure distance with high depth resolution while providing images the shape of objects. For long-range detection, emitting a concentrated laser is essential. This, in turn, necessitates use scanning device to achieve spatial resolution. Traditional mechanical LiDAR systems, using 1-D SPAD sensors, need devices like polygon or MEMS mirrors for high-resolution imaging, yet they are bulky, expensive, not easily manufactured [1]. Recently, solid-state...

For outdoor surveillance, sensitivity and dynamic range are important to deliver reliable images over widely changing illumination. However, constant monitoring with maximum awareness requires large power consumption is not suitable for energy-limited applications such as battery-operated and/or energy-scavenging wireless sensor nodes. One of the ways reduce voltage scaling [1-4]. it significantly reduces SNR results in poor image quality [4]. The signal can be easily corrupted from noise...

An indirect time-of-flight (iToF) CMOS image sensor (CIS) is a device that provides depth as well two-dimensional shape of an object by measuring the phase difference reflected pulse trains light. Because iToF CIS offers high spatial resolution from scaled photodetectors such pinned photodiodes (PPD) [1] or photogates [2], accuracy, it advantageous for gesture recognition with higher accuracy compared conventional 2D imagers. Even though CISs have been limited to indoor applications, gaming,...

A 14-nm FinFET CMOS 12-b current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for 2G/3G/4G cellular applications is presented herein. Bit segmentations of a 6-bit thermometer and binary coding are adopted, utilizing switching-order shuffling in combination with dynamic element matching (DEM) to suppress the spurious tones owing current-source mismatch three-dimensional FinFETs. In addition, output switches designed achieve make-before-break operation proposed low crossing point level shifter....

This paper describes the design of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology for optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) which is used signal transmission and reception. Conventional OTDR products are implemented with discrete (IC) devices. However, these configurations vulnerable to noise, leading limitation achieving high dynamic range (DR) noise ratio (SNR). In addition, it difficult lower power consumption cost, since each IC requires its own large area. Therefore, we...

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have emerged as the most effective programming paradigm for computer vision and natural language processing applications. With rapid development of DNNs, efficient hardware architectures deploying DNN-based applications on edge devices been extensively studied. Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs), with their better scalability, non-volatility good read performance, are found to be promising candidates DNNs. However, despite promise, emerging NVMs often suffer...