Daytime measurements of reflected sunlight in the visible spectrum have been a staple Earth-viewing radiometers since advent environmental satellite platform. At night, these same optical-spectrum sensors traditionally limited to thermal infrared emission, which contains relatively poor information content for many important weather and climate parameters. These deficiencies our ability characterize full diurnal behavior processes parameters relevant improved monitoring, understanding...

A new set of reflectance calibration coefficients has been derived for channel 1 (0.63 μm) and 2 (0.86 the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) flown on National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) European Organization Exploitation Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) polar orbiting meteorological satellites. This paper uses several approaches that are radiometrically tied to observations from Aeronautics Space Administration's (NASA's) Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer...

Abstract In this paper, we present near‐simultaneous observations of a gravity wave (GW) event in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere over South Central United States track it from its convective source region troposphere to ionosphere, where appears as traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). On 4 April 2014 concentric GW ring patterns were seen at stratospheric heights close proximity storm North Texas Atmospheric Infrared Sounder data on board NASA Aqua satellite. Concentric GWs...

Significance As an unforeseen windfall of its high sensitivity, the Day/Night Band (DNB) low-light visible sensor carried on Suomi satellite enables global detection gravity waves in upper atmosphere at unprecedented subkilometric detail. On moonless nights, observations provide all-weather viewing as they modulate nightglow layer located near mesopause. These are launched by a variety mechanisms ranging from orography to convection, intensifying fronts, and seismic volcanic events. Wave...

Abstract The first no‐gap OH airglow all‐sky imager network was established in northern China February 2012. is composed of six imagers that make observations gravity waves and cover an area about 2000 km east west 1400 south north. An unusual outbreak Concentric Gravity Wave (CGW) events were observed by the nearly every night during half August 2013. These coincidentally satellite sensors from Fengyun‐2 (FY‐2), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/Aqua, Visible Imaging Radiometer Suite...

Maritime ships operating on-board illumination at night appear as point sources of light to highly sensitive low-light imagers environmental satellites. Unlike city lights or from offshore gas platforms, whose locations remain stationary one the next, typically are ephemeral. Fishing boat most prevalent near coastal cities and along thermal gradients in open ocean. commercial also operate that can be detected space. Such observations have been made a limited way via U.S. Department Defense...

The COVID-19 pandemic has infected almost 73 million people and is responsible for over 1.63 fatalities worldwide since early December 2019, when it was first reported in Wuhan, China. In the stages of pandemic, social distancing measures, such as lockdown restrictions, were applied a non-uniform way across world to reduce spread virus. While restrictions contributed flattening curve places like Italy, Germany, South Korea, plunged economy United States level recession not seen WWII, while...

Abstract During 30 September to 9 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew traversed the Caribbean Sea east coast of United States. its period greatest intensity, in central Caribbean, excited a large number concentric gravity waves (GWs or CGWs). In this paper, we report on hurricane‐generated CGWs observed both stratosphere and mesosphere from spaceborne satellites ionosphere by ground Global Positioning System receivers. We found with horizontal wavelengths ~200–300 km (height ~30–40 km) airglow...

Abstract Atmospheric gravity waves can be excited by explosive volcanic eruptions and may reach Earth's upper atmosphere. In this study, we report on mesoscale concentric observed in the mesopause airglow layer following La Soufriere volcano eruption April 2021. A large ash plume spaceborne Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer instrument 10 reached ∼20 km. Temporal evolution of was provided GOES‐16 Advanced Baseline Imager. Nightglow were Visible Infrared Radiometer Suite Day Night Band....

Abstract On June 6, 2023, the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine experienced a catastrophic breach that led to loss of life and substantial economic values. Prior breach, supporting structures downstream spillway had shown signs being compromised. Here, we use multi-source satellite data, meteorological reanalysis, dam design criteria document dam’s pre-failure condition. We find anomalous operation began November 2022, following destruction bridge segment, which persistent overtopping from late April...

The over three-decade-long data record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is ideal for studies of Earth's changing climate. However, lack on-board calibration requires that solar channels be recalibrated after launch. Numerous have been conducted, but significant differences remain among calibrations. This study one effort to outline a path towards consensus AVHRR channels. characteristics polar orbiting satellites bearing AVHRRs, instruments and are described as they...

Significance Satellite observations of large meteors (superbolides) offer important insight on trajectory through the atmosphere, and by extension, to orbital parameters that enable source attribution. On February 15, 2013, at 0920 local time, a superbolide exploded in stratosphere near Chelyabinsk, Russia, issuing shock wave damaged structures injured hundreds below. The event was captured Earth-viewing environmental satellites provided multiangle views debris trail within minutes...

Abstract Hurricane Matthew (28 September–9 October 2016) was perhaps the most infamous storm of 2016 Atlantic hurricane season, claiming over 600 lives and causing $15 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across central Caribbean southeastern U.S. seaboard. Research surrounding its many noteworthy meteorological characteristics (e.g., rapid intensification into southernmost category 5 basin on record, strong lightning sprite production, unusual cloud morphology) is ongoing. Satellite remote...

Abstract The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐R (GOES‐R) series started a new era for the U.S. geostationary satellite observing system. Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard GOES‐R has fine temporal (30 s to 10 min) and spatial resolutions (0.5–2 km), 16 spectral bands. However, due lack of an infrared sounder, ABI is used continue legacy atmospheric profile (LAP) products that previous GOES Sounder has, including moisture profile, temperature total precipitable water,...

view Abstract Citations (69) References (32) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Formation of supernova remnants - The pre-blast-wave phase Jones, E. M. ; Smith, B. W. Straka, C. effect stellar structure on remnant formation is studied with a series computer models 10 to the 51st erg explosion in 15 solar mass star. Immediately after shock wave travels down steep density gradient, material gradient goes into free expansion, forming collapsible...

Abstract Milky seas are a rare form of marine bioluminescence where the nocturnal ocean surface produces widespread, uniform and steady whitish glow. Mariners have compared their appearance to daylit snowfield that extends all horizons. Encountered most often in remote waters northwest Indian Ocean Maritime Continent, milky eluded rigorous scientific inquiry, thus little is known about composition, formation mechanism, role within ecosystem. The Day/Night Band (DNB), new-generation...

Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are among the important energy and momentum transfer mechanisms from troposphere to middle upper atmosphere. Despite their understood importance in governing structure dynamics of these regions, mesospheric AGWs remain poorly measured globally, largely unconstrained numerical models. Since late 2011, Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day–night band (DNB) has observed global near mesopause by...

Since 2 June 2020, unusual heavy and continuous rainfall from the Asian summer monsoon rainy season caused widespread catastrophic floods in many countries, including primarily two most populated China India. To detect monitor estimate potentially affected population, data sensors aboard operational polar-orbiting satellites Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-20 were used. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) with a...

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) mission has provided over ten years of high-quality data products for environment forecasting and monitoring through the current Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) NOAA-20 satellites. Particularly, sensor record (SDR) derived environmental (EDR) from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-track Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Technology Microwave (ATMS), Ozone Mapping Profiler (OMPS) offer an unprecedented opportunity to...

Floods, one of the costliest, and most frequent hazards, are expected to worsen in U.S. due climate change. The real-time forecasting flood inundations is extremely important for proactive decision-making reduce damage. However, traditional methods face challenges terms implementation scalability computational burdens data availability issues. Current services largely rely on hydrodynamic modeling, limited river reaches near situ gauges requiring extensive model setup calibration. Here, we...

Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is finest spatial resolution (375 m) multi-spectral imagery of any operational meteorological to date. The environmental data record (EDR) has been designated as a Key Performance Parameter (KPP) for VIIRS, meaning that its performance vital success series Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites will carry this instrument. Because VIIRS covers high-latitude...