A technique for improved detection of airborne volcanic ash has been developed that uses three infrared (IR) bands from meteorological satellites. The IR are centered near 3.9, 10.7, and 12.0 μm wavelength. is based on the sum two brightness temperature differences (BTDs), scaled to maximize contrast in output image. physical effects attributed observed BTDs help distinguish various cloud types (1) differential absorption by or sulfur dioxide at 3.9 μm, 10.7 (2) strong solar reflectance...

Abstract The main purpose of the present study is to assess value synthetic satellite imagery as a tool for model evaluation performance in addition more traditional approaches. For this purpose, GOES-10 at 10.7 μm was produced using output from Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) numerical model. Use unique method indirectly evaluate various microphysical schemes available within ARW-WRF. In study, simulation an atmospheric river event that occurred on 30 December 2005 used....

'Natural' (or 'true') colour imagery, so-called for its qualitative likeness to photography, is one of the most visually intuitive and readily communicable forms satellite information. It constructed by combining solar reflectance measurements from three narrow spectral bands defining red, green blue wavelengths visible light. Natural facilitates interpretation multiple components in complex earth/atmosphere scene and, therefore, it widely used experts non-experts alike visualize many...

Abstract The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) combines the best aspects of both civilian and military heritage instrumentation. VIIRS has improved capabilities over its predecessors: a wider swath width much higher spatial resolution at edge. day‐night band (DNB) is sensitive to very low levels visible light capable detecting clouds, land surface features, sea ice night, in addition emissions from man‐made natural sources. Imagery Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership...

Abstract In 1967, at the dawn of satellite era, Applications Technology Satellite 3 (ATS-3) provided first full-disk “true color” images Earth. With its depiction blue oceans, golden deserts, and green forestlands beneath white clouds, imagery captured iconic Blue Marble in a way that resonates strongly with human perception. After ATS-3, standard fare geostationary satellites entailed single visible band additional infrared spectral channels. While single-band satisfied basic user...

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) radiometers, flown onboard Terra/Aqua Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP)/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites, are capable of providing superior sea surface temperature (SST) imagery. However, the swath data these multi-detector sensors subject to several artifacts including bow-tie distortions striping, require special pre-processing steps. VIIRS additionally does...

In Part I of this paper, the infrared bands Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are analyzed for volcanic ash signals using principal component image analysis. Target volcanoes included Popocatepetl volcano near Mexico City and Cleveland in Aleutian Islands. The analyses were performed to determine MODIS that contribute most detecting ash. Even though explained variance signal-to-noise ratio these new images generally small, several them provide views with good contrast...

In Part I of this paper the infrared bands Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed using principal component image analysis for volcanic ash signals. The analyses performed determined that several thermal MODIS contributed significantly to detecting in cases examined. Most, but not all, these will be included next major upgrade Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager scheduled 2012. II, data same examined (Popocatepetl near Mexico City and...

Abstract By combining observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 3.9- and 10.7-μm channels, reflected component of 3.9-μm radiance can be isolated. In this paper, these reflectivity measurements thunderstorm tops are studied in terms their climatological values utility diagnosing cloud-top microphysical structure. These provide information about internal processes, including updraft strength, may useful for severe weather nowcasting. Three years summertime...

A technique is presented whereby the noise level of satellite measurements atmosphere and earth can be estimated. The analyzes a spatial array data measured by instrument. minimum about 200 required, preferably in regular pattern. Statistical structure analysis used to describe combination mean gradient data. then estimated separating out information leaving only noise. Results are for four sounding instruments, effective blackbody or brightness temperature levels were compared prelaunch...

True-color imagery, which is formed via a weighted combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) spectral information, has important operational applications for qualitative environmental characterization, including the detection smoke plumes, volcanic ash, other aerosols that are not as easily discerned in conventional visible or infrared but may be more readily characterized color properties. Despite its universal popularity, true-color currently unavailable from geostationary satellites,...

Abstract Sea spray presents a significant hazard to vessels in the high latitudes. At issue is accumulation of ice, which can destabilize, and at times, sink ship. Many studies have focused on icing prediction systems, but knowledge gap exists detection sea using remote sensing data. The recent availability data from new advanced imagers board NOAA satellites, specifically GOES-R series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) JPSS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), offers tools for...

The detection of dust, fire hot spots, and smoke from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) is made easier by employing principal component image (PCI) technique. PCIs are created an eigenvector transformation spectral band images five-band GOES Imager. a powerful tool that provides new set linear combinations original images. This facilitates viewing explained variance or signal in available imagery, allowing both gross more subtle features imagery to be seen. Whereas...

In the ten years of VIIRS observations, a wide range applications, both operational and research-based, have been developed, observed, utilized at Cooperative Institute for Research in Atmosphere (CIRA). Training efforts to improve forecast use achieve greater understanding unique capabilities also developed better utilize new observations made possible. Several events, observable using these novel VIIRS, are detailed. A summary third-party end-user case studies where used analysis...

Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is finest spatial resolution (375 m) multi-spectral imagery of any operational meteorological to date. The environmental data record (EDR) has been designated as a Key Performance Parameter (KPP) for VIIRS, meaning that its performance vital success series Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites will carry this instrument. Because VIIRS covers high-latitude...

This is a study of environmental conditions prior to convective development on the Great Plains United States four case days in August 1975. The tool used was High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) Nimbus 6. A moisture-temperature retrieval scheme developed retrieve various lower tropospheric analysis and forecasting parameters from HIRS radiances. Specifically, dew points temperatures other secondary such as total precipitable water static stability indices were derived analyzed...

A statistical analysis of satellite infrared sounding data from the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) on NOAA 4 was performed in conjunction with National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) mesoscale period (10 May-12 June 1976). Satellite radiances, retrieved temperatures and moisture information form radiance residuals at a resolution ∼70 km were examined for 14-day composite using structure correlation functions. as function separation distance field measured values can detect...

Over ten years of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Environmental Data Records (EDR) Imagery Team activities have included primarily imagery validation, but also product generation and display user interactions. VIIRS validation starts with pre-launch preparations leading up to producing first-light shortly after the launch each Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellite. quality is scrutinized for typical visualization problems, as well overall ability utilize analysis...

Abstract Visible satellite imagery is widely used by operational weather forecast centers for tropical and extratropical cyclone analysis marine forecasting. The absence of visible at night can significantly degrade capabilities, such as determining center locations or tracking warm-topped convective clusters. This paper documents ProxyVis imagery, an infrared-based proxy daytime developed to address the lack limitations existing nighttime options. was trained on VIIRS day/night band times...