Measurement and normalization of disc geometry parameters for several animal models used in research.To compare normalized values to the human aid selection interpretation model studies.Animal are widely study intervertebral degeneration evaluate treatment methods because availability tissue, decreased variability between subjects compared with humans, feasibility perform vivo experiments. There is a general lack comparative data respect analog models.The height, lateral width, AP area,...

Abstract Tendon exhibits nonlinear stress–strain behavior that may be partly due to movement of collagen fibers through the extracellular matrix. While a few techniques have been developed evaluate fiber architecture other soft tissues, organizational tendon under load has not determined. The supraspinatus (SST) rotator cuff is particular interest for investigation its complex mechanical environment and corresponding inhomogeneity. In addition, SST injury occurs frequently with limited...

Experimental measurement and normalization of in vitro disc torsion mechanics collagen content for several animal species used intervertebral research comparing these with the human disc.To aid selection appropriate models by measuring torsional mechanical properties content.There is lack data variability testing protocols content.Intervertebral were measured normalized height polar moment inertia 11 types 8 mammalian species: calf, pig, baboon, goat, sheep, rabbit, rat, mouse lumbar discs,...

The anulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc exhibits spatial variations in structure and composition that give rise to both anisotropy inhomogeneity its material behaviors tension. In this study, tensile moduli Poisson’s ratios were measured samples human AF along circumferential, axial, radial directions at inner outer sites. There was evidence significant linear-region circumferential modulus (17.4±14.3 MPa versus 5.6±4.7 MPa, sites) ratio ν21 (0.67±0.22 1.6±0.7, inner), but not...

Tendons are exposed to complex loading scenarios that can only be quantified by mathematical models, requiring a full knowledge of tendon mechanical properties. This study measured the anisotropic, nonlinear, elastic material properties tendon. Previous studies have primarily used constant strain-rate tensile tests determine modulus in fiber direction. Data for Poisson’s ratio aligned with direction and all transverse sparse. Additionally, it is not known whether quasi-static represent...

In Brief Study Design. The biphasic compressive material properties of normal and degenerate human nucleus pulposus tissue were measured in confined compression. Objectives. objective this study was to determine the effects degeneration age on mechanical pulposus. Summary Background Data. exhibits swelling behavior proportion proteoglycan content. shear, both fluid-like solid-like properties, suggesting a nature. To date, pulpous have not been reported. Methods. Human samples tested...

Abstract Engineering a functional replacement for the annulus fibrosus (AF) of intervertebral disc is contingent upon recapitulation AF structure, composition, and mechanical properties. In this study, we propose new paradigm tissue engineering that focuses on reconstitution anatomic fiber architecture uses constitutive modeling to evaluate construct function. A modified electrospinning technique was utilized generate aligned nanofibrous polymer scaffolds basic unit AF, single lamella....

In Brief Study Design. T1ρ relaxation was quantified and correlated with intervertebral disc degeneration proteoglycan content in cadaveric human lumbar spine tissue. Objective. To show the use of T1ρ-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment disc. Summary Background Data. Loss nucleus pulposus occurs during early degeneration. Conventional MRI techniques cannot detect these changes extracellular matrix is sensitive to articular cartilage may, therefore, be Methods. Intact...

Abstract The primary function of the disc is mechanical; therefore, degenerative changes in mechanics and interactions between annulus fibrosus (AF) nucleus pulposus (NP) nondegenerate degenerate discs are important to functional evaluation. experiences complex loading conditions, including mechanical pressurized NP surrounding fiber‐reinforced AF. Our objective was noninvasively evaluate internal deformations human under axial compression with flexion, neutral, extension positions using...

In Brief Study Design. To develop a construction algorithm in which electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are coupled with biocompatible hydrogel to engineer mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based disc replacement. Objective. disc-like angle-ply structure (DAPS) that replicates the multiscale architecture of intervertebral disc. Summary Background Data. Successful engineering replacement for requires replication its mechanical function and anatomic form. Despite many attempts ailing degenerated...

Low back pain is a significant socioeconomic burden and intervertebral disc degeneration has been implicated as cause. A reliable animal model of necessary to evaluate therapeutics, functional metrics are essential quantify their benefit. To this end, needle puncture injuries were created in the caudal discs mice induce degeneration. Compression, torsion, creep mechanics assessed both immediately after eight weeks distinguish between effects injury subsequent reparative or degenerative...

The mechanical properties of the human supraspinatus tendon (SST) are highly heterogeneous and may reflect an important adaptive response to its complex, multiaxial loading environment. However, these functional associated with a location-dependent structure composition that have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, objective this study was determine concentrations types I, II III collagen in six distinct regions SST compare changes concentration across local properties. We hypothesized...