✓ Fluid percussion models produce brain injury by rapidly injecting fluid volumes into the cranial cavity. The authors have systematically examined effects of varying magnitudes in rat on neurological, systemic physiological, and histopathological changes. Acute neurological experiments showed that 53 rats produced either irreversible apnea death or transient (lasting 54 seconds less) reversible suppression postural nonpostural function 60 minutes less). As magnitude if increased, mortality...

The purpose of the present experiment was to examine effectiveness a modified rotarod test in detecting motor deficits following mild and moderate central fluid percussion brain injury. In addition, this investigation compared performance task with two other commonly used measures function after injury (beam-balance beam-walking latencies). Rats were either injured (n = 14) or 8) level surgically prepared but not 8). All rats assessed on all tasks for 5 days their respective treatments....

These experiments examined the effects of moderate hypothermia on mortality and neurological deficits observed after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rat. Brain temperature was measured continuously all by intraparenchymal probes. cooling induced partial immersion (skin protected a plastic barrier) water bath (0 degrees C) under general anesthesia (1.5% halothane/70% nitrous oxide/30% oxygen). In experiment I, we prior to following fluid percussion TBI. Rats were cooled 36 C (n =...

Traumatic brain injury produces significant cognitive deficits in humans. This experiment used a controlled cortical impact model of experimental to examine the effects on spatial learning and memory using Morris water maze task. Rats (n = 8) were injured at moderate level (6 m/sec, 1.5–2.0 mm deformation). Eight additional rats served as sham-injured control group. performance was assessed days 11–15 30–34 following injury. Results revealed that brain-injured exhibited (p < 0.05) both...

This study examined the effects of pretreatment with phencyclidine (PCP), a selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, on behavioral and physiologic responses rat to experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). For experiments, rats were administered either saline or PCP (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/kg, intrapentoneally [IP] 15 min before TBI. Rats ventilated as necessary following injury. The duration acute suppression several reflexes (pinna, corneal, righting, flexion) (escape, head support,...

This study was designed to determine whether exposure a complex environment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) would promote the recovery of cognitive function. Rats were injured at moderate level fluid percussion (2.1 atm) or prepared for but not (sham injury). Immediately sham injury, injured/complex (n = 8) and sham/complex 7) groups placed into environment. The 89 x 89-cm enclosure with different types bedding objects that provided motor, olfactory, tactile, visual stimulation....

The behavioral and histological effects of the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) brain injury model were compared with weight drop impact-acceleration 10 min secondary hypoxia (WDIA + H). LFP resulted in significant motor deficits on beam walk inclined plane, memory radial arm maze Morris water maze. Motor following remained throughout 6 weeks testing. WDIA H produced plane immediately injury, but these transient recovered by 14 days post-injury. In contrast to injured animals showed no order...

Neuronal-glial interactions are important for normal brain function and contribute to the maintenance of brain's extracellular environment. Damage glial cells following traumatic injury (TBI) could therefore be an contributing factor dysfunction neuronal injury. We examined early fate astrocytes neurons after TBI in rats. A total 27 rats were euthanized at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 24 h moderate lateral fluid percussion sham TBI. Ipsilateral contralateral hippocampi coronal sections from -2.12 -4.80...

Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a moderate level (2.2 atm) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) using fluid percussion. Injured animals allowed post-trauma survival periods 5 min, 3 and 24 h. Regional glutamate receptor subtype binding was assessed with quantitative autoradiography in each group forN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate kainate subpopulations at approximately the −3.8 bregma compared sham control group. [3H]glutamate NMDA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased h post-TBI...

✓ Recent work has shown that mild to moderate levels of hypothermia may profoundly reduce the histological and biochemical sequelae cerebral ischemic injury. In present study, authors examined effect fluid-percussion injury on brain temperature in anesthetized rats anesthesia uninjured rats. The relationship between brain, rectal, temporalis muscle temperatures during normothermia, hypothermia, hyperthermia was studied following a magnitude (2.10 2.25 atmospheres) results showed mean 10...

More than 5,000,000 survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) live with persistent cognitive deficits, some which likely derive from hippocampal dysfunction. Oscillatory activity in the hippocampus is critical for normal learning and memory functions, can be modulated using deep stimulation techniques. In this pre-clinical study, we demonstrate that lateral fluid percussion TBI results attenuation theta oscillations first 6 days after injury, correlate deficits Barnes maze spatial working...

Limited migration of neural stem cells in adult brain is a roadblock for the use cell therapies to treat diseases and injuries. Here, we report strategy that mobilizes guides vivo. We developed safe stimulation paradigm deliver directional currents brain. Tracking expressing GFP demonstrated electrical mobilization guidance human cells, even against co-existing intrinsic cues rostral stream. Transplanted were observed at 3 weeks 4 months after areas guided by currents, with indications...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Despite more than 30 years research, no pharmacological agents have been identified that improve neurological function following TBI. However, several lines research described this review provide support for further development voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Following TBI, neurons astrocytes experience rapid sometimes enduring increase intracellular...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in persistent attention and memory deficits that are associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Although deep stimulation (DBS) is used to treat neurological disorders related motor dysfunction, the effectiveness of cognition remains largely unknown. In this study, adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a lateral fluid percussion or sham followed by implantation bipolar electrodes medial septal nucleus (MSN) ipsilateral hippocampus. first...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential for brain function, and CBF-related signals can inform us about activity. Yet currently, high-end medical instrumentation needed to perform a CBF measurement in adult humans. Here, we describe functional interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy (fiDWS), which introduces collects near-infrared light via the scalp, using inexpensive detector arrays rapidly monitor coherent fluctuations that encode index (BFI), surrogate CBF. Compared other optical...