Rhythmic oscillations within the 3-12 Hz theta frequency band manifest in rodent hippocampus during a variety of behaviors and are particularly well characterized spatial navigation. In contrast, previous studies rhythmic hippocampal activity primates under comparable behavioral conditions suggest it may be less apparent possibly prevalent, or even absent, compared with rodent. We relative presence low-frequency rats humans navigation by using an oscillation detection algorithm ("P-episode"...

More than 5,000,000 survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) live with persistent cognitive deficits, some which likely derive from hippocampal dysfunction. Oscillatory activity in the hippocampus is critical for normal learning and memory functions, can be modulated using deep stimulation techniques. In this pre-clinical study, we demonstrate that lateral fluid percussion TBI results attenuation theta oscillations first 6 days after injury, correlate deficits Barnes maze spatial working...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in persistent attention and memory deficits that are associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Although deep stimulation (DBS) is used to treat neurological disorders related motor dysfunction, the effectiveness of cognition remains largely unknown. In this study, adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a lateral fluid percussion or sham followed by implantation bipolar electrodes medial septal nucleus (MSN) ipsilateral hippocampus. first...

Abstract Objective Acute organophosphate (OP) intoxication affects a significant number of individuals worldwide. Those who survive OP‐induced cholinergic crisis, which includes status epilepticus, often develop neurological morbidities. Here, we provide rigorous characterization the acute and delayed electrophysiological responses to OP with goal identifying early changes that predict later brain changes, including spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Methods Male female rats were...

DNA strand breaks trigger marked phosphorylation of histone H2AX (i.e. γ-H2AX). While double-strand (DSBs) provide a strong stimulus for this event, the accompanying structural alterations in chromatin may represent actual signal that elicits γ-H2AX. Our data show changes structure are sufficient to elicit extensive γ-H2AX formation relative absence breaks. Cells subjected hypotonic (0.05 M) treatment exhibit levels equivalent those found after induction 80–200 DSBs 2–5 Gy). Despite...

Our previous studies demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ventricular administration of thrombin caused hippocampal neuron loss cognitive dysfunction via activation Src family kinases (SFKs). Based on SFK localization in brain, we hypothesized subtypes Fyn c-Src, as well downstream molecule Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), contribute to cell death after TBI. We administered nanoparticle wrapped small interfering RNA (siRNA)-Fyn siRNA-c-Src, or ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 adult...

In Brief Purpose: To evaluate the results of conjunctival culture in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) and its changes after successful dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. Methods: this prospective study, 71 adult NLDO 41 age- sex-matched controls without were evaluated. The divided 2 groups based on clinical examination; group A purulent regurgitation B regurgitation. Dacryocystorhinostomy surgery was performed, silicon tube inserted upper lacrimal drainage system stenosis when...

To evaluate the outcome of excisonal bleb revision in patients with failed Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).In total, 29 uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) despite maximal tolerated medical therapy at least 6 months after AGV implantation were enrolled this prospective interventional case series. Excision fibrotic tissue around reservoir application mitomycin C 0.02% was performed. IOP, number medications evaluated baseline and 1 week 1, 3, 6, 12 postoperatively. Complete qualified success...

Focal epilepsies represent approximately half of all diagnoses, and more than one-third these patients are refractory to pharmacologic treatment. Although resection can result in seizure freedom, many do not meet surgical criteria, as seizures may be multifocal origin or have a focus an eloquent region the brain. For individuals, several U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved electrical stimulation paradigms serve alternative options, including vagus nerve stimulation, responsive...

Over one-third of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy are refractory to medication. In addition, anti-epileptic drugs often exacerbate cognitive comorbidities. Neuromodulation is an FDA treatment for epilepsy, but wait >20 years a surgical referral resection or neuromodulation. Using rodent model, we test the hypothesis that 2 weeks theta stimulation medial septum acutely following exposure pilocarpine will alter course epileptogenesis resulting in persistent behavioral improvements....

Whether from a fall, sports concussion, or even combat injury, there is critical need to identify when an individual able return play work following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) represent potential tools monitor circuit-level abnormalities related learning memory: specifically, theta oscillations can be readily observed role in cognition. Following moderate the rat, lasting changes coincide with deficits spatial learning. We...

Aneurysmal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) survivors may recover with significant deficits in learning and memory. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism memory decline after aneurysm rupture. We developed an aneurysmal IVH rat model by injecting autologous, arterial blood over period two minutes into right lateral ventricle. also evaluated effects a volume-matched artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) control, thrombin mode delivery (pulsed hand injection versus continuous...

INTRODUCTION: Over 33% of patients with epilepsy experience persistent cognitive deficits in learning and memory that may involve hippocampal pathways. Using a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) rodent model epilepsy, we investigated the relationship between theta oscillations performance, tested our hypothesis deep brain stimulation medial septal nucleus (MSN) input to hippocampus will improve activity memory. METHODS: Sixty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 grams) were...

Carriers of the fragile X premutation (PM) can develop a variety early neurological symptoms, including depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment as well being at risk for developing late-onset X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The absence effective treatments FXTAS underscores importance efficacious therapies to reduce symptoms in elderly PM carriers patients. A recent preliminary study reported that weekly infusions Allopregnanolone (Allop) may improve deficits executive...

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most serious hemorrhagic brain diseases being associated with blood barrier (BBB) disruption, edema, neuron loss, cognitive impairment and high mortality in humans. Increasing evidence suggests that neuronal cell death ensues when neurons attempt to re-enter cycle. Our previous study has demonstrated cycle inhibition via blocking Src family kinases (SFKs) prevents death. However, concerns therapy might be it would inhibit proliferation neural...