Recently, a number of high performance many-objective evolutionary algorithms with systematically generated weight vectors have been proposed in the literature. Those often show surprisingly good on widely used DTLZ and WFG test problems. The those has continued to be improved. aim this paper is our concern that such improvement race may lead overspecialization developed for frequently In paper, we first explain Next, characterized by use vectors. Then discuss relation between features...

We examine the behavior of three classes evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms on many-objective knapsack problems. They are Pareto dominance-based, scalarizing function-based, and hypervolume-based algorithms. NSGA-II, MOEA/D, SMS-EMOA, HypE examined using problems with 2-10 objectives. Our test generated by randomly specifying coefficients (i.e., profits) in also generate other combining two objectives to create a dependent or correlated objective. Experimental results...

In this paper, we propose a new method for solving multiobjective optimization problems with large number of decision variables. The proposed called weighted framework is intended to serve as generic that can be used any population-based metaheuristic algorithm. After explaining some general issues large-scale optimization, introduce problem transformation scheme reduce the dimensionality search space and improved solutions in reduced subspace. This involves so-called weights are applied...

The hypervolume indicator has frequently been used for comparing evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms. A reference point is needed calculation. However, its specification not discussed in detail from a viewpoint of fair performance comparison. slightly worse than the nadir usually calculation EMO community. In this paper, we propose method comparison First, discuss relation between and optimal distribution solutions maximization. It demonstrated that strongly depends on...

To meet the multi-cooperation production demand of enterprises, distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) has become frontier research in field manufacturing systems. In this paper, we investigate DPFSP by minimizing a makespan criterion under constraint sequence-dependent setup times. solve DPFSPs, significant developments some metaheuristic algorithms are necessary. context, simple and effective improved iterated greedy (NIG) algorithm is proposed to minimize DPFSPs....

We previously showed that fibronectin (FN) synergized with anti-CD3 in induction of CD4+ T cell proliferation, and VLA-5 acted as a functional FN receptor serum-free culture system. In the present study, we VLA-4 is also involved this CD3-dependent CD4 activation through its interaction alternatively spliced CS1 domain FN. When highly purified cells were cultured on plates coated plus synthetic peptide-IgG conjugate, significant proliferation could be observed. Neither alone nor induced...

Evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) is an active research area in the field of evolutionary computation. EMO algorithms are designed to find a non-dominated solution set that approximates entire Pareto front problem. Whereas usually work well on two-objective and three-objective problems, their search ability degraded by increase number objectives. One difficulty handling many-objective problems exponential solutions necessary for approximating front. A simple countermeasure this...

In this paper, we first explain why many-objective problems are difficult for Pareto dominance-based evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms such as NSGA-II and SPEA. Then recent proposals the handling of by algorithms. Some examined through computational experiments on knapsack with two, four six objectives. Finally discuss viability genetic fuzzy systems (i.e., use design rule-based systems).

Recently NSGA-III has been frequently used for performance comparison of newly proposed evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithms. That is, as a benchmark algorithm optimization. However, unfortunately, its source code is not available from the authors paper. This leads to an undesirable situation where different implementation in study. Moreover, usually performed on DTLZ and WFG test problems. As result, wide variety problems still unclear whereas it literature. In this paper, we...

The hypervolume and the inverted generational distance (IGD) have been frequently used for comparison of evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms. For hypervolume, relation between location a reference point optimal distribution solutions has studied in literature. However, such not IGD whereas IGD-based results depend on specification points. Our intention is to clearly demonstrate dependency specification. First, we explain difficulties fair following two cases: one use all...

There may exist more than one Pareto optimal solution with the same objective vector to a multimodal multiobjective optimization problem (MMOP). The difficulties in finding such solutions can be different. Although number of evolutionary algorithms (EMMAs) have been proposed, they are unable solve an MMOP due their convergence-first selection criteria. They quickly converge which easy find and therefore lose diversity decision space. That is, features imbalance between achieving convergence...

The performance of decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) often deteriorates clearly when solving optimization problems with irregular Pareto fronts (PFs). main reason is the improper settings reference vectors and scalarizing functions. In this paper, we propose a MOEA guided by growing neural gas network, which learns topological structure PF. Both functions are adapted based on to enhance algorithm's search ability. proposed algorithm compared eight...

In general, an M-objective continuous optimization problem has (M - 1)-dimensional Pareto front in the objective space. If its dimension is smaller than 1), it called a degenerate front. Deb-Thiele-Laumanns-Zitzler (DTLZ)5 and Walking Fish Group (WFG)3 have often been used as many-objective test problems with fronts. However, was noted that DTLZ5 nondegenerate part of Constraints proposed to remove part. this letter, first we show WFG3 also Then, derive constraints Finally, existence makes...

CD22 is a B lineage-restricted member of the Ig superfamily that serves as an adhesion receptor expressed by mature lymphocytes. In this study, ability different cell types to attach COS cells transiently transfected with full-length cDNA (COS-CD22) was examined determine cellular distribution ligand for CD22. T and lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, neutrophils formed specific rosettes COS-CD22 at 4 degrees C. A panel 33 new mAb directed against were developed examine regions mediate...

Integrin/ligand binding evokes tyrosine phosphorylation of various proteins. We reported previously that a 105 kD protein (pp105) was phosphorylated by the engagement beta 1 integrins in T lymphocytes. show here pp105 is novel p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate)-related protein. Deduced amino acid sequence revealed contains conserved motifs with p130Cas, and both bind to focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) Crk. However, has clearly distinct structure from preferentially expressed lymphocytes,...

Fibronectin synergized with anti-CD3 antibody to promote CD4 cell proliferation in a serum-free culture system whereas no was observed when cells were cultured alone or fibronectin alone. In addition, anti-CD29 (integrin beta 1) as well anti-VLA-5 (human receptor) antibodies blocked this activation system. Although cannot induce IL-2 message by cells, the combination of plus induced cells. an analysis molecular mechanism which generated, we showed that fibronectin-VLA-5 receptor interaction...

The VLA/integrins are a family of heterodimeric adhesion receptors shown to be involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Given recent evidence that VLA molecules can synergize with the CD3/T cell receptor (TCR) pathway activate T cells, it is important identify biochemical event(s) generated by these molecules. Here, we report engagement VLA-4 on cells specific antibodies or its ligand activates protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity as detected...

Ninety one Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied to determine the clinical significance of antibodies ribosomal P protein (anti-P). Anti-P was detected by western blotting in 38 91 (42%). Clinical symptoms SLE compared between and without anti-P. The occurrence psychosis significantly higher anti-P than those (9/38 v 1/53). No significant association found other SLE. These data strongly support suggestion proposed previous workers that is a marker...

Objectives. To determine if the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology (ISN/RPS) 2003 classification lupus nephritis (LN) is helpful in predicting renal outcome. Methods. A total 92 patients with LN who underwent biopsy our hospital were re-classified according to ISN/RPS criteria. Results. The mean patient age was 36.8 yrs and median observation period 65 months. relative frequency for each class as follows: Class I (minimal mesangial LN) 0%, II (mesangial proliferative 13%,...