A5040344479- Birth, Development, and Health
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Career Development and Diversity
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Energy Load and Power Forecasting
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Ovarian function and disorders
- Global Maternal and Child Health
University of Massachusetts Boston
2014-2024
Harvard University
2007-2016
MRC Human Nutrition Research
2013
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2013
MRC Unit the Gambia
2013
Harvard University Press
2012
Brown University
2006
Abstract Human life history contains a series of paradoxes not easily explained by classical theory. Although overall reproductive output is higher than in related primates, juvenile growth slower and age‐specific rates decline faster with age. A simple energetic model would predict that should be positively correlated effort decelerate The pattern negative correlations humans suggest the presence trade‐offs among peak rate, childhood growth, rate at older ages. To address this puzzle, we...
Last spring, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced a new policy calling for use both male and female materials—animals, tissues, cells, cell lines—in preclinical research (1). Canada European Union have recently instituted similar policies. Advocates argue that requiring analysis sex in will advance scientific understanding differences human health outcomes, such as higher rates adverse drug events (ADE) women compared with men (2). We disagree.
The past 50 years have seen heated debate in the reproductive sciences about global trends human sperm count. In 2017, Levine and colleagues published largest most methodologically rigorous meta-regression analysis to date reported that average total concentration among men from 'Western' countries has decreased by 59.3% since 1973, with no sign of halting. These results reverberated scientific community public discussions masculinity modern world, part because scientists' public-facing...
We present a critique of paper written by two economists, Quamrul Ashraf and Oded Galor, which is forthcoming in the American Economic Review was uncritically highlighted Science magazine. Their claims there causal effect genetic diversity on economic success, positing that too much or little constrains development. In particular, they argue "the high degree among African populations low Native have been detrimental force development these regions." demonstrate their argument seriously...
Background and objectives: The human immune system is an ever-changing composition of innumerable cells proteins, continually ready to respond pathogens or insults. cost maintaining this state immunological readiness rarely considered. In paper we aim discern a non-acute function by investigating how low levels C-reactive protein (CRP) relate other energetic demands resources in adolescent Gambian girls. Methodology: Data from longitudinal study 66 girls was used test hypotheses around...
Life history theory predicts a shift in energy allocation from growth to reproductive function as consequence of puberty. During adolescence, linear tapers off and, females, ovarian steroid production increases. In this model, acquisition lean mass is associated with while investment adiposity reproduction. This study examines the chronological and developmental predictors patterns among adolescent women under conditions constraint.Fifty post-menarcheal between 14 20 years old were sampled...
ABSTRACT Objectives Ramadan fasting imposes a diurnal rather than chronic energetic challenge. When occurs during the agricultural season in subsistence populations, and effects combine. The impact of layered challenges on adolescent activity, metabolism, body composition have not been quantified. This study compares (30 July–3 October 2009) subsequent non‐Ramadan (14 July–12 August 2010) 67 Gambian agriculturalist women between 14 20 years old. Methods Researchers collected composition,...
While the categories of adolescence and puberty are often treated as one, existence two distinct terms points to different kinds maturation in humans. Puberty refers a period coordinated somatic growth reproductive that shifts individuals from nonreproductive juvenility maturity. Adolescence includes behavioral social assumption adult roles. Life history theory offers powerful tools for understanding why occurs later humans than other primates, including benefits delayed reproduction part...
Abstract Active (acylated) ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted primarily by the stomach, positively associated with fasting, orexigenic, and promotes growth secretion. It therefore important to energy intake management. The objective of this pilot research was (1) compare active previous measurements leptin anthropometrics; (2) assess consistency across time in population; (3) extend our understanding potential population variation ghrelin. Two serum samples separated 10 days at same...
In the 1980s, British researchers gave pregnant and nursing women in a rural community The Gambia supplemental food order to increase size health of their infants. While supplement led modest gains birth weight during rainy season, it did not enhance breast milk volume or quality. It did, however, cause feel healthier conceive again more quickly than expected, with unforeseen consequences: new, unsupplemented pregnancy posed significant risks mother, infant, fetus. Subsequent prenatal...