Cognitive engagement involves mental and physical involvement, with observable behaviors as indicators. Automatically measuring cognitive can offer valuable insights for instructors. However, object occlusion, inter-class similarity, intra-class variance make designing an effective detection method challenging. To deal these problems, we propose the Object-Enhanced–You Only Look Once version 8 nano (OE-YOLOv8n) model. This model employs YOLOv8n framework improved Inner Minimum Point Distance...

A comprehensive understanding of molecular clumps is essential for investigating star formation. We present an algorithm clump detection, called FacetClumps. This uses a morphological approach to extract signal regions from the original data. The Gaussian Facet model employed fit regions, which enhances resistance noise and stability in diverse overlapping areas. introduction extremum determination theorem multivariate functions offers theoretical guidance automatically locating centers. To...

Abstract Recently, the introduction of fluorosulfonyl (−SO 2 F) groups have attracted considerable research interests, as this moiety could often afford enhanced activities and new functions in context chemical biology drug discovery. Herein, we report design synthesis 1‐fluorosulfamoyl‐pyridinium (FSAP) salts, which serve an effective photoredox‐active precursor to fluorosulfamoyl radicals enable direct radical C−H fluorosulfonamidation a variety (hetero)arenes. This method features mild...

In order to improve the overall service quality of network and reduce level interference, power allocation has become one research focuses in field underwater acoustic communication recent years. Aiming at issue when channel information is difficult obtain complex networks, a completely distributed game learning algorithm proposed that does not require any prior direct exchange between nodes. Specifically, problem constructed as multi-node multi-armed bandit (MAB) model. Then, considering...

Abstract With the continuous development of ship technology, usage environment some parts has changed, with higher requirements for materials and preparation technology being put forward. Some traditional structural have do not meet actual working conditions ships, which necessitates new research on their technology. Owing to its high strength stable mechanical properties at temperature, molybdenum base alloy is expected replace nickel aluminum primary material in ships. Under conventional...

STAP is an effective method for clutter suppressing and Reduced-rank can reduce the calculation quantity as well memory capacity. The connection between eigenvectors of covariance matrix reduced-rank subspace analyzed. A based on solution linear equations which get whole minimum eigenvalues proposed. By method, be done in noise without eigen-decomposition. Analysis made about distribution SINR metric eigen-space space. Finally, simulations via real data proved validity correctness method.

Herein, to improve the microstructure homogeneity of 12Cr10Co3MoWVNbNB steel for turbine blades after forging, hot deformation behavior and evolution are systematically investigated using a hot‐compression experimental setup under conditions 950–1150 °C strain rate 0.001–10 s −1 . A strain‐compensated constitutive equation is established based on flow curves accuracy its prediction verified. By combining processing map with observation, optimal window determined be 1075–1150 1–10 , within...

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This paper studies the distributed power management problem in underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) with coexistence of multiple transmitter-receiver pairs, where each transmitter selects its transmit based only on local observations without involvement any central controller. aims to maximize network transmission rate maintaining Nash equilibrium (NE) among pairs. We model selfish behavior emitter as a non-cooperative game. In this game, one hand, distance between and receiver...

Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has been extensively studied for the reductive removal of Cr(VI), but its applicability is limited by agglomeration and unexpected efficiency reduction. In this study, chitin microsphere supported sulfidated zero-valent (S-nZVI@Chi-M) was prepared in-situ one-step reduction method used to remove Cr(VI) from water. Compared chitosan powder, Chi-M with nanofibrous structure large surface area performed best in stabilizing S-nZVI a Fe0 loading...

In view of the limitations existing eccentricity error separation method rotary table, an based on phase feature moiré signal single reading head is proposed herein. A grating pair transmission model established analysis principle thereby influence in rotation course table clarified, and corresponding between spectral components established. The verification experiments are carried out laboratory-made circuit system. After verifying accuracy data acquisition board, effect out. experimental...

For the first time, we experimentally determine infrared magic wavelength for 40Ca+ 4s2S1/2 ➡ 3d2D5/2 electric quadrupole transition by observation of light shift canceling in optical clock. A "magic" magnetic field direction is chosen to make insensitive both linear polarization purity and laser. The determined this 1056.37(9) nm, which not only good agreement with theoretical predictions but also more precise a factor about 300. Using measured derive differential static polarizability be...

For the first time, we experimentally determine infrared magic wavelength for $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ $4s\, ^{2}\!S_{1/2} \rightarrow 3d\,^{2}\!D_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transition by observation of light shift canceling in optical clock. A "magic" magnetic field direction is chosen to make insensitive both linear polarization purity and laser. The determined this 1056.37(9)~nm, which not only good agreement with theoretical predictions but also more precise a factor about 300. Using measured...

Jamming attack poses a severe threat to the application promise of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) in marine monitoring and other domains. Coupled with low bandwidth time unpredictability transmission media, typical security technology significant computational complexity cannot be applied UWSNs. Therefore, this work, distributed hierarchical game learning algorithm high efficiency without relying on any prior information is presented realize adaptive adjustment power communication nodes....

In this paper, the metamaterial force chain concept is proposed, for first time to our knowledge, describe stress distribution and crushing property of honeycomb materials under quasi-static compression. A novel force-chain-enhanced re-entrant (FCERH) behavior put forward through experiments simulations, which forms a rhombic when compressed, different from traditional (REH). It compared in details that effects changing on properties materials, including plateau stress, Poisson’s ratio,...

The detection and analysis of molecular clumps can lead to a better understanding star formation in the Milky Way. Herein, we present molecular-clump-detection method based on improved YOLOv5 joint Density Peak Clustering (DPC). employs two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D) stitching strategy accomplish molecular-clump detection. In first stage, an is used detect positions Galactic plane, obtaining their spatial information. second DPC algorithm combine results velocity direction. end,...

The design and implementation of personalized learning paths in the era big data is a key urgent task, its value lies fact that through analysis teaching applications, can better meet increasingly diverse needs styles primary school students. By deeply analyzing necessity education data, this paper proposes complete set path framework.