An essential constituent of the integrated stress response (ISR) is a reversible translational suppression. This mRNA silencing occurs in distinct cytoplasmic foci called granules (SGs), which transiently associate with processing bodies (PBs), typically serving as decay centers. How mRNAs are protected from degradation these structures remains elusive. We identify that Zipcode-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) regulates fate specific nonstressed cells and key regulator turnover during ISR. ZBP1...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the limiting role crucible and coating impurities on material quality multicrystalline silicon. Both solid body diffusion into silicon melt are considered in study. Two ingots size G1 have been analyzed. One them was crystallized a standard crucible, whereas other quartz very high purity. Focus put iron cobalt as examples typical impurity species. Iron found large concentrations crucibles, proven be suitable marker that mainly coating. Inductively coupled...

Through metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE), superior purification of dirty Si is observed, from 99.74 to 99.9884% for metallurgical and 99.999772 99.999899% upgraded Si. In addition, large area silicon nanowires (SiNW) are fabricated. The effect induces a ∼35% increase in photocurrent SiNW based photoelectrochemical cell. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials peer reviewed may be re-organized online delivery,...

The "snail trail" discoloration effect observed at many PV modules after some time in the field was investigated with regard to their microscopic and chemical properties environmental conditions. We show here combined results of studies on defect outdoor exposure as well mini laboratory DH tests provide a mechanistic model for snail trail formation. Finally, we can that detailed physical characterization encapsulation polymers is fundamental prerequisite quality assurance reliability solar...

The nuclear poly(A)-binding protein (PABPN1) is involved in the synthesis of mRNA poly(A) tails most eukaryotes. We report that contains two RNA binding domains, a ribonucleoprotein-type domain (RNP domain) located approximately middle sequence and an arginine-rich C-terminal domain. also promotes self-association PABPN1 moderately cooperative to RNA. Whereas isolated RNP binds specifically poly(A), non-specifically other polyanions. Despite this nonspecific by domain, selection experiments...

The entry of Escherichia coli into glucose starvation is connected to the induction both stringent response and general stress response. concentration corresponding regulators ppGpp σS (RpoS, KatF) was investigated during glucose-limited growth at different rates with cultivation strategies, including fed-batch fermentation, chemostat, a continuous-cultivation technique computer-controlled decrease feeding rate (A-stat). This study confirms model in vivo effect on by direct measurement...

Shortening of the poly(A) tail (deadenylation) is first and often rate-limiting step in degradation pathway most eukaryotic mRNAs also used as a means translational repression, particular early embryonic development. The nanos mRNA translationally repressed by protein Smaug Drosophila embryos. RNA has short at steady state decays gradually during 2-3 h recently been implicated deadenylation. To study mechanism sequence-dependent deadenylation, we have developed cell-free system from embryos...

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic enveloped RNA that causes noncytolytic, persistent infection of the central nervous system in mammals. BDV belongs to order Mononegavirales, which also includes negative-strand viruses (NSVs) Ebola, Marburg, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, mumps, and measles. BDV-M, matrix protein (M-protein) BDV, smallest M-protein (16.2 kDa) among NSVs. M-proteins play critical role assembly budding, mediating interaction between viral capsid, envelope, glycoprotein...

Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a mitochondrial enzyme believed to be released during apoptosis participate in the degradation of nuclear DNA. This paper describes Drosophila protein, EndoGI, which inhibits EndoG specifically. and EndoGI associate with subpicomolar affinity, forming 2:1 complex dimeric bound by two tandemly repeated homologous domains monomeric EndoGI. Binding appears involve active site EndoG. present cell nucleus at micromolar concentrations. Upon induction apoptosis, levels...

Hydrogen effusion measurements have been carried out for a-SiN:H films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of NH3/SiH4 gas mixture. Additional FTIR were performed to assure the compositional dependence release. A correlation between bonding changes in silicon nitride and peak temperature is presented. shift release was observed increasing N atoms from 800 °C Si rich layer 1000 a which reduced loss 40% at critical contact firing temperature. Moreover evolution rate...

In the process of optimizing solar cells, a quantitative and depth‐resolved elemental analysis photovoltaic thin films is strongly required. Regarding Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) film depth‐dependent stoichometric changes Ga are great interest because In/Ga ratio has large effect on cell efficiencies. this paper, we investigate composition CIGS cells based secondary ion intensities in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) depth profiling, providing high sensitivities spatial resolution....

This investigation analyzes the dependency of minority charge carrier lifetime values at grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon on boundary type after P gettering and/or firing SiNx:H layers deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. To get a broad statistics, new method to determine coincidence site lattice types large scale throughout entire 50 × mm2 samples is combined with spatially resolved lifetime-calibrated photoluminescence measurements and mappings interstitial...

The nuclear poly(A) binding protein (PABPN1) binds the growing tail during pre-mRNA 3'-end processing, stimulating its elongation and controlling final length. Here we report studies of PABPN1 to in solution. Quantitative fluorescence titration was used determine stoichiometry, intrinsic affinity, cooperativity a series size-fractionated poly(A). association constant Ki about 2 × 106 M-1 for oligo(A) all size classes enhanced by protein−protein interactions which were, however, weak...

The amount of hydrogen released from plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor (PECVD) deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) layers is determined by gas effusion measurements. A sharp peak (SP) observed in the spectra samples with substrate temperature T S ≥ 200 °C. Light microscopic images indicate formation bubbles after deposition for all and film deterioration measurement correlation presence SPs. Change varies microstructure film, concentration, density. low leads to a porous structure...

Hydrogen has been long known for its ability to passivate defects in silicon devices. However, multiple recent studies on understanding the mechanism behind light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) have proposed that hydrogen plays an important role this mechanism. Despite photovoltaic applications, quantitative assessment of is difficult seldom reported. In work, we applied effusion mass spectroscopy quantify released from hydrogenated nitride (SiN <sub...

A method for the determination of 22 trace impurities in solar grade silicon after dissolution a mixture HF and HNO3 subsequent matrix evaporation is reported. The presented involves simple, inexpensive, one-vessel sample preparation apparatus design. recoveries B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Mo, Sb, W, Tl at 250 μg kg−1 level are range 93 to 108%. After careful selection monitored isotopes their respective resolutions, sector field mass spectrometer has...