Abstract The visual receptive field physiology and anatomical connections of the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP), a visuomotor in bank inferior parietal lobule, were investigated cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ). Afferent input physiological properties 5 neurons medial sulcus (i.e., PEa) also determined. Area LIP is composed two myeloarchitectonic zones: ventral zone (LIPv), which densely myelinated, lightly myelinated dorsal (LIPd) adjacent to 7a. Previous single‐unit...

Abstract The sources of ipsilateral projections from the hippocampal formation, presubiculum, area 29a‐c, and parasubiculum to medial, orbital, lateral prefrontal cortices were studied with retrograde tracers in 27 rhesus monkeys. Labeled neurons within formation (CA1, CA1′, prosubiculum, subiculum) found rostrally, although some noted throughout entire rostrocaudal extent formation. Most labeled projected medial cortices, followed by orbital areas. In addition, there differences topography...

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114 , 1414–1423. Abstract Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder and among its symptoms are disturbances in face emotional processing. Emerging evidence demonstrates abnormalities the GABAergic (gamma‐aminobutyric acid) system autism, which likely contributes to these deficits. GABA B receptors play an important role modulating synapses maintaining balance of excitation‐inhibition brain. The density subjects with autism matched controls was...

Abstract The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 24) via its extensive limbic and high order association cortical connectivity to prefrontal is a key part of an important circuitry participating in executive function, affect, socio‐emotional behavior. Multiple lines evidence, including genetic imaging studies, suggest that the ACC gamma‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA) system may be affected autism. benzodiazepine binding site on GABA A receptor complex target for pharmacotherapy has clinical...

Abstract Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by repetitive stereotyped behavior, social‐emotional deficits, and delayed or absent language abilities. There are known neuropathologies in the autism brain affecting limbic, cerebellar, cortical structures but neurochemical profile of affected individuals, revealed postmortem tissue studies, only recently emerging. One major component that appears highly impacted GABAergic system. It now apparent there widespread...

There has been a long-standing interest in the possible role of hippocampus autism and both postmortem brain neuroimaging studies have documented varying abnormalities this limbic system structure.This study investigates density subsets hippocampal interneurons, immunostained with calcium binding proteins, calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) parvalbumin (PV) to determine whether specific subpopulations interneurons are impacted autism.Unbiased stereological techniques were used quantify neuronal...

Abstract Alterations in the cerebellum have been described as a neuropathological feature of autism. Although numerous studies focused on Purkinje cell (PC), projection neuron cerebellar cortex, PC function is critically dependent their innervation by GABAergic basket cells (BCs) and stellate (SCs) molecular layer. The present study was designed to determine whether there are differences packing density these inhibitory interneurons or ratio PCs differs autistic age‐matched control brains....

Abstract The posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) of the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) is comprised three distinct cortical areas based on cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and neurophysiological response properties. Fluorescent retrograde tracers placed in each PHG area demonstrated unique patterns afferent input to TH, TL, TF. Area TF receives inputs from multimodal cortices superior temporal sulcus including PGa, TPO, MST, visuospatial parietal PG‐Opt, visual V3A dorsal V4. TL afferents...

Malnutrition has been associated with a variety of functional and anatomical impairments the hippocampal formation. One more striking these is widespread loss neurons in postnatally malnourished rats. In present study we have investigated effect prenatal malnutrition on same neuronal populations, that are all generated during period dietary restriction. prenatally protein deprived rats, using design-based stereology, measured regional volume number hilus dentate gyrus pyramidal cell layers...

The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating both motor and cognitive functions. Although neuropathology of four using Nissl staining has been qualitatively reported children adults with autism, surprisingly appeared less affected despite reductions posterolateral hemisphere. To determine any underlying abnormalities critically important GABAergic system, rate-limiting GABA...

Abstract It has been widely reported that in autism, the number of Purkinje cells (PCs) is decreased, and recently, decreased expression glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 ( GAD67 ) mRNA also observed. However, autism literature not addressed key GABAergic inputs into cells. Inhibitory basket stellate cell interneurons molecular layer cerebellar cortex provide direct input could potently influence output to deep nuclei. We investigated capacity for interneuronal synthesis gamma‐amino butyric...

Abstract In the normal mouse (+/+; +/rl) cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are aligned in a monolayer and provide main targets for incoming olivocerebellar climbing fibers (CF). neurological mutants, homozygous reeler ( rl/rl ), weaver wv/wv ) heterozygous wv/+ abnormalities exist which many PCs either missing or displaced. Therefore, it is of interest to determine if inferior olivary complex (IO) these mutants also abnormal. This report concerns results obtained from light microscopic study...

Abstract Autism is a developmental disorder with prenatal origins, currently estimated to affect 1 in 91 children the United States. Social‐emotional deficits are hallmark of autism and early neuropathology studies have indicated involvement limbic system. Imaging demonstrate abnormal activation posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), component Abnormal has also been noted fusiform gyrus (FFG), region important for facial recognition key element social interaction. A potential imbalance between...

Autism is a behaviorally defined, neurological disorder with symptom onset before the age of 3. Abnormalities in social‐emotional behaviors are core deficit autism, and characterized by impaired reciprocal–social interaction, lack facial expressions, inability to recognize familiar faces. The posterior cingulate cortex ( PCC ) fusiform gyrus FG two regions within an extensive limbic‐cortical network that contribute behaviors. Evidence indicates changes brains individuals autism begin...

This study investigates direct hippocampal efferent projections to the temporal lobe of rhesus monkey. Tritiated amino acid injections were placed into formation identify terminal fields, and complementary fluorescent retrograde tracer cortex cells origin. CA1, prosubicular, or subicular subfields produced anterograde label over parts parahippocampal gyrus pole. Injections tracers demonstrated that these originate from longitudinal strips neurons occupy part CA1 subfield as well in adjacent...