The pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method uses the genome sequence of a single individual to estimate demographic history covering time span thousands generations. Although originally designed for whole-genome data, we here use simulations investigate its applicability reference genome-aligned restriction site associated DNA (RAD) data. We find that RAD data can potentially be used PSMC analysis, but at present with limitations. key factor is proportion (p) covers. In our...

Abstract Parallel evolution and the extent to which it involves gene reuse have attracted much interest. Whereas has theoretically been predicted under circumstances is expected, empirical studies that directly compare systems showing high low parallelism are rare. Three‐spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), where freshwater populations independently founded by ancestral marine populations, represent prime examples of phenotypic genomic parallelism, but cases exist low. Based on RAD...

Autopolyploids present several challenges to researchers studying population genetics, since almost all genetics theory, and the expectations derived from this has been developed for haploids diploids. Also many statistical tools analysis of genetic data, such as AMOVA genome scans, are available only In paper, we show how Analysis Molecular Variance (AMOVA) framework can be extended include autopolyploid which will allow calculating summary statistics estimating strength differentiation...

With the rapid advancement of drone technology and growing applications in field engineering, demand for precise efficient path planning complex dynamic environments has become increasingly important. Traditional algorithms struggle with terrain, obstacles, weather changes, often falling into local optima. This study introduces an Improved Crown Porcupine Optimizer (ICPO) planning, which enables drones to better avoid optimize flight paths, reduce energy consumption. Inspired by porcupines'...

Studies from industrialized countries show that musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) occur commonly in sonographers. However, little is known about sonographers China, where the awareness of ergonomics and MSD, workload, available equipment/facilities may differ. We aimed to investigate prevalence MSD associated risk factors central China.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 381 14 randomly selected tertiary hospitals Hubei province, China. Musculoskeletal symptoms (using Nordic...

Summary Inferring historical population sizes is key to identify drivers of ecological and evolutionary change, crucial predict the future species on our rapidly changing planet. The pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method provided a revolutionary framework reconstruct species’ demographic histories over millions years based genome sequence single individual 1 . Here, we detected solved common artifact in PSMC related methods: recent peaks followed by collapses. Combining...

Highlights•We detected and solved a common artifact in PSMC related methods•Default parameters frequently cause false peaks recent population histories•New methods perform better but do not always avoid this artifact•Users should test multiple parameter settings that split the first time windowSummaryInferring historical sizes is key to identifying drivers of ecological evolutionary change crucial predicting future species on our rapidly changing planet. The pairwise sequentially Markovian...

We analysed 81 whole genome sequences of threespine sticklebacks from Pacific North America, Greenland and Northern Europe, representing 16 populations. Principal component analysis nuclear SNPs grouped populations according to geographical location, with being more divergent each other relative European Greenlandic Analysis mitogenome showed represent a single phylogeographical lineage, whereas particularly admixture between lineages. estimated demographic history using genomewide...

Understanding the role of genetic and nongenetic variants in modulating phenotypes is central to our knowledge adaptive responses local conditions environmental change, particularly species with such low population diversity that it likely limit their evolutionary potential. A first step towards uncovering molecular mechanisms underlying population-specific environment carry out association studies. We associated climatic variation genetic, epigenetic microbiome populations a social spider...

Surgeons' mental and physical workloads are major focuses of operating room (OR) ergonomics, studies on this topic have generally focused either workload or workload, ignoring the interaction between them. Previous shown that physically demanding work may affect performance be accompanied by impaired processing decreased performance. In study, 14 participants were recruited to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) procedures in a virtual simulator. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals...

Objective: Numerous supervised learning models aimed at classifying 12-lead electrocardiograms into different groups have shown impressive performance by utilizing deep algorithms. However, few studies are dedicated to applying the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model in interpreting electrocardiogram (ECG) using natural language. Thus, we pioneering exploration of this uncharted territory employing CardioGPT tackle challenge. Methods: We used a dataset ECGs (standard 10s,...

BACKGROUND Distracting interference cognitive tasks place undeniable pressure on the minds of people who need high precision and attention during tasks, such as those performed surgery; these might affect current surgical procedures. We measured effect additional mental load physician by measuring mean change in pupil size, blink rate, subjective assessment surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS recruited 24 participants with different levels laparoscopic surgery to perform a complete appendectomy...

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is still no large cohort study to explore direct risk oxidative for NAFLD. This test hypothesis that elevated factor NAFLD under controlling potential effects covariates.The levels serum cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) were measured from 1204 Chinese Han adults, questionnaire physical examination administered those with...

The extent of within-species genetic variation across the diversity animal life is an underexplored problem in ecology and evolution. Although neutral should scale positively with population size, mitochondrial levels are believed to show little species. Here, we report unprecedented case extreme within natural populations two morphospecies chaetognaths (arrow worms). We determine that this composed deep sympatric lineages, which some cases as divergent human platypus. Additionally, based on...

Speciation in the ocean could differ from terrestrial environments due to fewer barriers gene flow. Hence, sympatric speciation might be common, with American and European eel being candidates for exemplifying this. They show disjunct continental distributions on both sides of Atlantic, but spawn overlapping regions Sargasso Sea where juveniles are advected North American, African coasts. Hybridization introgression known occur, hybrids almost exclusively observed Iceland. Different...

The diastolic intraventricular velocity difference represents function of the left ventricle (LV). Here we analyzed LV in patients with impaired based on ventricular flow rate profile by vector mapping.Patients dysfunction were divided into 2 groups: chronic heart failure restricted filling (group 1; n = 27) and hypertension abnormal relaxation 2; 34). Healthy participants identified as controls 3; 22). Left inflow color Doppler findings model mapping technology offline. rates at base apex...

To study the role of oxidative stress in hypertension and pre-hypertension, this analysed plasma levels reactive carbonyl species (RCS) 1204 Chinese Han adults. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between blood pressure RCS with or without being adjusted for covariates. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) illustrated that, compared lowest quartile levels, highest subjects had 59% 130% increase risk developing pre-hypertension hypertension,...

Noise can exert undeniable pressure on human minds, especially during tasks that require high precision and attention, such as those performed surgery. To investigate whether auditory stimuli increases mental loads laparoscopic surgery, we examined the effects of operating room (OR) noises music by measuring mean changes in pupil sizes subjectively assessing performances We recruited 24 subjects with varying surgery experience levels to perform complete appendectomy using a simulator....

Aim: To investigate the effects of tetramethypyrazine (TMP) on proliferation and apoptosis human gastric carcinoma cell line 7901 its possible mechanism action. Methods: The viability TMP-treated cells was measured with a 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) analyzed by flow cytometry. distribution in different phases cycle after exposure TMPs molecular mechanisms TMP-mediated apoptosis, expression NF-κBp65, cyclinD1 p16 SGC-7901 reverse...