A5088993801- Gut microbiota and health
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Digestive system and related health
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Biochemical effects in animals
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
University of Hohenheim
2019-2023
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
2006-2014
University of Tübingen
2008-2013
Pharmalog (Germany)
2011
Robert Bosch (Germany)
2010
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2003
Defects in the mucosal barrier have been associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mice fed a Western-style diet (WSD) develop are characterized by diet-induced intestinal dysfunction, bacterial endotoxin translocation subsequent steatosis. To examine whether inulin or sodium butyrate could improve gut C57BL/6 mice were control WSD ± fructose supplemented either 10% 5% for 12 weeks respectively. Inulin attenuated hepatosteatitis...
Crohn's disease (CD), a major form of human inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by primary immunodeficiencies. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARgamma) essential for intestinal homeostasis in response to both dietary- and microbiota-derived signals. Its role host defense remains unknown, however. We show that PPARgamma functions as an antimicrobial factor maintaining constitutive epithelial expression subset beta-defensin the colon, which includes...
Liver cirrhosis is associated with bacterial translocation (BT) and endotoxemia. Most translocating bacteria belong to the common intestinal microbiota, suggesting a breakdown of barrier function. We hypothesized that diminished mucosal antimicrobial host defense could predispose BT. Two rodent models portal hypertension increased BT were used, CCl(4)-induced ascitic 2-day vein-ligated (PVL) animals. was assessed by standard microbiological techniques on mesenteric lymph nodes. Total RNA...
Inducible epithelial human beta-defensins (hBD) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. In vitro studies showed that clinically effective probiotics induce antimicrobial hBD-2. Here, we aimed to assess the vivo effect healthy volunteers and also addressed how defensins affect probiotic survival. Symbioflor 2 containing one strain of several viable genotypes Escherichia coli was administered 23 individuals. After 3 weeks, fecal hBD-2 peptide increased 78% (mean 3.7-fold;...
Reduced expression of Paneth cell antimicrobial α-defensins, human defensin (HD)-5 and -6, characterizes Crohn's disease (CD) the ileum. TCF-4 (also named TCF7L2), a Wnt signalling pathway transcription factor, orchestrates differentiation, directly regulates HD-5 was previously associated with decrease these peptides in subset ileal CD. To investigate potential genetic association CD, we sequenced 2.1 kb 5′ flanking region small group CD patients controls (n = 10 each). We identified eight...
High consumption of fructose and high-fructose corn syrup is related to the development obesity-associated metabolic diseases, which have become most relevant diet-induced diseases. However, influences a diet on gut microbiota are still largely unknown. We therefore examined effect short-term human intestinal microbiota. Twelve healthy adult women were enrolled in pilot intervention study. All study participants consecutively followed four different diets, first low (< 10 g/day fructose),...
Adult ileal Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a specific decrease in Paneth cell alpha-defensins. In addition to NOD2, we previously identified disturbance of the Wnt-signaling transcription factor TCF-4 as major mechanism for this deficiency. The aim study was evaluate human alpha-defensin-5 (HD-5) and an independent cohort pediatric CD patients.Expression levels HD-5 mRNA were quantified real-time PCR biopsies from newly diagnosed untreated patients (<18 years, n=36) age-matched...
Ileal Crohn's Disease (CD), a chronic small intestinal inflammatory disorder, is characterized by reduced levels of the antimicrobial peptides DEFA5 (HD-5) and DEFA6 (HD-6). Both these α-defensins are exclusively produced in Paneth cells (PCs) at crypt bases. Different ileal CD-associated genes including NOD2, ATG16L1, recently β-catenin-dependant Wnt transcription factor TCF7L2 have been linked to impaired PC function. The pathway influences gut mucosal homeostasis maturation, besides...
Wnt signaling regulates small intestinal stem cell maintenance and Paneth differentiation. In patients with ileal Crohn's disease (CD), a decrease of α-defensins has been observed that is partially caused by impaired TCF-4 LRP6 function. Here we show reduced expression the effector TCF-1 (also known as TCF-7) in CD. Reporter gene assays vitro promoter binding analysis revealed activates α-defensin HD-5 HD-6 transcription cooperation β-catenin activation mediated three distinct TCF sites....
BackgroundAlthough antimicrobial peptides protect mucus and mucosa from bacteria, Helicobacter pylori is able to colonize the gastric mucus. To clarify in which extend escapes defense, we systematically assessed susceptibility expression levels of different host factors with without H. infection. Materials MethodsWe investigated HBD1 (gene name DEFB1), HBD2 (DEFB4A), HBD3 (DEFB103A), HBD4 (DEFB104A), LL37 (CAMP) elafin (PI3) by real time PCR biopsy samples a total 20 controls versus 12...
Background: The long-term success of nonsurgical weight reduction programs is variable; thus, predictors outcome are major interest. We hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota known to be linked with diet and obesity contain such predictive elements. Methods: Metagenome analysis by shotgun sequencing stool DNA was performed in a cohort 15 adults (mean body mass index 43.1 kg/m2) who underwent one-year multidisciplinary loss program another year follow-up. Eight individuals were...
Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a multifunctional factor, plays an important role in breast cancer. There is increasing evidence that enhanced expression of TGF-β promotes cancer progression contributing to metastasis and invasiveness the tumor. We identified functional polymorphism TGFB2 promoter, 4-bp insertion at position −246 relative transcriptional start site (−246ins). Transient transfection experiments showed −246ins significantly increased promoter activity cells....
Obesity and metabolic comorbidities are associated with gut permeability. While high-fructose Western-style diet (WSD) disrupt intestinal barrier function, oral administration of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) β-defensin 2 (hBD2) is believed to improve integrity disorders. Eighty-four male C57BL/6J mice were fed a WSD or control (CD) ± fructose (F) for 18 weeks. In week 13, randomly divided into three intervention groups, receiving defensin fragment HD51–9, full-length hBD2, bovine serum albumin...
Genetically modified mice have been successfully used as models for inflammatory bowel diseases; however, dietary effects were poorly examined. Here, we studied the impact of particular nutrients and supplements on gut functions related to knockout epithelial caspase-8 gene. Caspase-8 (Casp8 ∆IEC ) control fl fed 4 wk a diet (CD) enriched with 10% inulin (CD-Inu) or 5% sodium butyrate (CD-But) while having free access plain water supplemented 30% fructose (+F). Body weight changes,...
Crohn's Disease (CD), a chronic intestinal inflammation, is currently treated primarily by therapeutics which are directed against inflammatory responses. Recent findings though suggest central role of the innate immune barrier in pathophysiology. Important factors providing this antimicrobial peptides like alpha- and beta-defensins. Little known about vivo effects common drugs on their expression.To analyse influence corticosteroids, azathioprine aminosalicylate treatment ileal colonic...
Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients Hip Fracture
Einleitung: hBD-1 (humanes ß-defensin-1) erlangt nach Reduktion seiner charakteristischen Disulfid-Brücken eine neue Funktion. Das reduzierte Peptid besitzt antibakterielle Aktivität gegen Bifidobakterien, Lactobazillen und C. albicans. In vitro kann durch die Oxidoreduktase Thioredoxin (Trx) in reduziertes (redhBD-1) umgewandelt werden (Schroeder et al., Nature 2011). Sollte aufgrund einer verminderten Expression von redox-aktiven Faktoren Aktivierung unterbleiben, könnte dies mukosale...