A5035195262- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Calpain Protease Function and Regulation
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Manufacturing Process and Optimization
- Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Food Quality and Safety Studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Product Development and Customization
- Design Education and Practice
- Biochemical effects in animals
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
2016-2025
Agricultural Research Service
2012-2024
Quality Research
2010-2022
United States Department of Agriculture
2011-2018
Texas A&M University
2004-2008
Kansas State University
2003
Tallaght University Hospital
2002
Washington State University
1992-1994
Meat color is an important aspect of a consumer’s purchase decisions regarding meat products. Perceived meatcolor results from the interaction light, detector (i.e., human eye), and numerous factors, both intrinsic extrinsic tothe muscle, that influence chemical state myoglobin. The complex nature these interactions dictates decisionsregarding evaluations be made carefully investigators have basic knowledge physical andchemical factors affecting their evaluations. These guidelines were...
In a previously reported genome-wide association study based on high-density bovine SNP genotyping array, 8 were nominally associated (P ≤ 0.003) with average daily gain (ADG) and 3 of these also 0.002) feed intake (ADFI) in population crossbred beef cattle. The clustered 570 kb region around 38 Mb the draft sequence chromosome 6 (BTA6), an interval containing several positional functional candidate genes including LAP3, NCAPG, LCORL genes. goal present was to develop examine additional...
Abstract Ambient mass spectrometry is an analytical approach that enables ionization of molecules under open-air conditions with no sample preparation and very fast sampling times. Rapid evaporative (REIMS) a relatively new type ambient has demonstrated applications in both human health food science. Here, we present evaluation REIMS as tool to generate molecular scale information objective measure for the assessment beef quality attributes. Eight different machine learning algorithms were...
The 2011 National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA-2011) assessed the current status of quality and consistency fed steers heifers. carcasses (n = 9,802), representing approximately 10% each production lot in 28 beef processing facilities, were selected randomly for survey. Carcass evaluation cooler assessment this study revealed following traits frequencies: sex classes steer (63.5%), heifer (36.4%), cow (0.1%), bullock (0.03%); dark cutters (3.2%); blood splash (0.3%); yellow fat (0.1%); calloused...
Pork quality has a large impact on consumer preference and perception of eating quality. A genome-wide association was performed for pork traits [intramuscular fat (IMF)], slice shear force (SSF), color attributes, purge, cooking loss, pH] from 531 to 1,237 records barrows gilts Landrace-Duroc-Yorkshire population using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. Associations were detected MTDFREML all traits. Intramuscular had greatest number SNP associations, followed by pH, force, color. Two...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect freezing and thawing or with an additional aging period after frozen storage on tenderness longissimus lumborum (LL) semitendinosus (ST) steaks relative aged, fresh steaks. Left-side LL ST (n = 35 each) were obtained from U.S. Select carcasses classified at grading stand by Meat Animal Research Center visible near-infrared spectroscopy system have predicted slice shear force greater than 16.5 kg 14 d postmortem. At 2 postmortem, 2.54 cm...
Our objectives were to examine the effects of prerigor excision and rapid chilling vs. conventional carcass two muscles on proteolysis tenderness during postmortem storage, as well fast slow rates cooking myofibrillar characteristics tenderness. The longissimus thoracis (LT) triceps brachii (TB), long head removed 45 min after exsanguination from left side 12 carcasses chilled in an ice bath induce cold shortening (excised, rapidly chilled). At 24 h postmortem, corresponding right...
Longissimus thoracis steaks from steers (n = 464) with 0 to 50% inheritance of Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red and Simmental were evaluated during 6 d display assess genetic contributions color stability. Color space values [CIE L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness)], chroma, change (DeltaE), surface metmyoglobin (K/S 572/525) determined on display. Myoglobin concentration was highly heritable (0.85), but ultimate pH weakly (0.06). Day moderately (0.24). Variation...
Genetic marker effects and type of inheritance are estimated with poor precision when minor allele frequencies low. A stable composite population (MARC III) was subjected to marker-assisted selection for multiple years equalize specific 1) estimate effect size mode previously reported SNP on targeted beef carcass quality traits (n=254), 2) pleiotropic nontarget performance (n=542 or 254), 3) evaluate tenderness residual variance LM tenderness. Three haplotypes within μ-calpain (CAPN1), a in...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect degree dark cutting (DC) on tenderness, juiciness, and flavor attributes beef. During carcass grading at a large U.S. commercial beef harvesting facility, DC carcasses ( = 160) matching normal control (NC) were selected. Longissimus lumborum (LL) pH determined classified as severe (severe cutter [SEDC]; mean 6.9; 40), moderate (moderate [MODC]; 6.6; n mild (mild [MIDC]; 6.4; or shady (shady [SHDC]; 6.1; 40). Strip loins obtained from...
In 2006, an atypical U.S. case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was discovered in Alabama and later reported to be polymorphic for glutamate (E) lysine (K) codons at position 211 the prion protein gene (Prnp) coding sequence. A E211K mutation is important because it analogous most common pathogenic humans (E200K) which causes hereditary Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease, autosomal dominant form disease. The present report describes a high-throughput matrix-associated laser...
Muscles from beef carcasses (n = 100) were selected a commercial processor and aged for 14 d. Longissimus lumborum (LL), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GM), triceps brachii (TB), rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, adductor, semitendinosus, infraspinatus, teres major, ischiatic head, sirloin cap, gracillus steaks placed in display 9 Instrumental color variables [lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hue angle, chroma, overall change d 0 (E)] determined on...
The National Beef Quality Audit-2011 (NBQA-2011) was conducted to assess targeted characteristics on the harvest floor that affect quality and value of cattle, carcasses, byproducts. Survey teams evaluated approximately 18,000 cattle/carcasses between May November 2011 in 8 beef processing facilities. Cattle identification methods were lot visual tags (85.7%), individual (50.6%), electronic (20.1%), metal-clip (15.7%), other (5.3%), none (2.5%), wattles (0.5%). Hide colors or breed types...
Steers ( = 480; 22% with black hides and 78% red hides) were used to study the effects of shade feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on performance, carcass quality, heat stress, mobility, body temperature (BT). A randomized block design a 2 × factorial treatment arrangement was 4 replicates per treatment. Factors included housing type (open or shaded pens) ZH (0 8.33 mg/kg DM) last 21 d feed 3-d withdrawal. Cattle blocked by BW into heavy light randomly assigned pen within each block....
The objective of this study was to determine factors that influence tenderness independent variation in pH, color, or marbling. To achieve the objective, 2 sample groups were chosen from a population 159 pork loins aged 11 16 d. Predetermined ranges (ultimate 5.54 5.86; marbling score, 1.0 3.0; percent total lipid, 1.61 3.37%) defined for inclusion individual study. with greatest ( = 12) and least Instron star probe values assigned classification groups. high group had an average 2.8 kg...
The objective was to characterize the factors and production practices that contribute variation in pork composition quality. It is possible quality traits, such as color, marbling, tenderness, contributes reduced customer confidence predictability of finished product and, therefore, products becoming less competitive for consumer dollars. Pigs raised 8 different barns representing 2 seasons (hot cold) focuses (lean quality) were used this study. marketed 3 groups from each barn marketing...
Abstract Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is traditionally defined as the advantage of crossbred progeny relative to average performance their purebred parents. This due increased heterozygosity in these crosses, which increases phenotypic expression traits influenced by non-additive gene action. These heterosis effects may vary depending on breed animals original cross; however, breed-specific estimates are difficult obtain because a lack contemporary comparisons among and cattle. The Germplasm...