In this study we used stool profiling to identify intestinal bacteria and metabolites that are differentially represented in humans with colorectal cancer (CRC) compared healthy controls how microbial functions may influence CRC development. Stool samples were collected from adults (n = 10) patients 11) prior colon resection surgery at the University of Colorado Health-Poudre Valley Hospital Fort Collins, CO. The V4 region 16s rRNA gene was pyrosequenced both short chain fatty acids global...

Summary Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic algae with promise for green production of fuels and other chemicals. Recent genome‐editing techniques have greatly improved the potential many eukaryotic genetic systems, including diatoms, to enable knowledge‐based studies bioengineering. Using a new technique, transcription activator‐like effector nucleases ( TALEN s), gene encoding urease enzyme in model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum , was targeted interruption. The knockout cassette...

Emerging evidence supporting chronic disease fighting properties of rice bran has advanced the development stabilized for human use as a functional food and dietary supplement. A global targeted metabolomic investigation fermented with Saccharomyces boulardii was performed in three varieties. Metabolites from S. boulardii-fermented were detected by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) assessed bioactivity compared to nonfermented normal malignant lymphocytes. Global metabolite...

Metabolomics is an emerging method to improve our understanding of how genetic diversity affects phenotypic variation in plants. Recent studies have demonstrated that genotype has a major influence on biochemical several types plant tissues, however, the association between metabolic and morphological physiological traits largely unknown. Sorghum bicolor (L.) important food fuel crop with extensive variation. lines been bred for differing phenotypes beneficial production grain (food), stem...

Abstract Ambient mass spectrometry is an analytical approach that enables ionization of molecules under open-air conditions with no sample preparation and very fast sampling times. Rapid evaporative (REIMS) a relatively new type ambient has demonstrated applications in both human health food science. Here, we present evaluation REIMS as tool to generate molecular scale information objective measure for the assessment beef quality attributes. Eight different machine learning algorithms were...

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is the most economically damaging pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) in U.S. The Rhg1 locus repeatedly observed as quantitative trait with greatest impact on SCN resistance. Glyma18g02680.1 gene at that encodes an apparent leucine-rich repeat transmembrane receptor-kinase (LRR-kinase) has been proposed to be resistance gene, but its function not confirmed. Generation fertile transgenic lines difficult methods have published test roots generated...

Heat-stabilized rice bran (SRB) has been shown to regulate blood lipids and glucose, modulate gut mucosal immunity inhibit colorectal cancer in animal human studies. However, SRB’s effects on microbial composition metabolism the resulting implications for health remain largely unknown. A pilot, randomized-controlled trial was developed investigate of eating 30 g/day SRB stool microbiome metabolome. Seven healthy participants consumed a study meal snack daily 28 days. The metabolome were...

The aim of this study was to compare fecal microbiome, plasma, and urine metabolomes, serum biochemistry adult companion dogs according body condition scores. Blood, serum/plasma, urine, samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy, either normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), or obese (OB). analyses included microbiome via 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon; sequencing, nontargeted fecal, metabolomics using liquid chromatography/gas chromatography-mass; spectrometry, for each dog. Few...

Microgreens are an emerging functional food crop with promise for sustainably diversifying global systems, facilitating adaptations to urbanization and climate change, promoting human health. Previous work suggests microgreens have high nutritional quality, low environmental impacts, broad consumer acceptance. For better reception into the system increased per capita consumption, research is needed elucidate acceptance of various species, including factors contributing their or lack thereof....

Emerging evidence supports that cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains metabolites with biomedical activities, yet little is known about the genetic diversity responsible for metabolite variation and differences in health traits. Metabolites from ten diverse varieties of were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A total 3,097 compounds detected, which 25% differed among varieties. Multivariate analyses profiles showed chemical cluster according...

Summary The process of breeding superior varieties for the agricultural industry is lengthy and expensive. Plant metabolites may act as markers quality traits, potentially expediting appraisal experimental lines during breeding. Here, we evaluated utility by assessing metabolic variation influenced genetic environmental factors in an advanced setting relation to phenotypic distribution 20 traits. Nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling was performed on barley...

Root exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall functioning. Yet, there a major gap our knowledge translating root artificial systems (i.e., hydroponics, sterile media) to crops, specifically for soils expected field conditions. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was determined using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography and gas mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics evaluate variation exudate...

The advent of metabolomics technology and its application to small samples has allowed us non-invasively monitor the metabolic activity embryos in a complex culture environment. aim this study was apply analysis individual from several species during vitro development gain an insight into pathways used by their relationship with embryo quality. Alanine is produced both vivo- vitro-derived human, murine, bovine porcine embryos. Glutamine also these four species, but only those vitro. Across...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, and biotic abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. leaf stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance. Past studies have characterized the composition wheat cuticular waxes, however protocols can be relatively low-throughput narrow in range metabolites detected. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics methods were utilized to provide a comprehensive...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii insertion mutants disrupted for genes encoding acetate kinases (EC 2.7.2.1) (ACK1 and ACK2) a phosphate acetyltransferase 2.3.1.8) (PAT2, but not PAT1) were isolated to characterize fermentative production. ACK1 PAT2 localized chloroplasts, while ACK2 PAT1 shown be in mitochondria. Characterization of the showed that activity chloroplasts plays dominant role (relative mitochondria) producing under dark, anoxic conditions and, surprisingly, also suggested has other...

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Previous research demonstrates that barley genetics can influence beer flavor. However, the chemical basis for differences in flavor attributed to is not well defined. Here, associations between volatile compounds and sensory descriptors were investigated a controlled experiment, whereby genotype was main driver of variation system. Beer brewed from three advanced breeding lines compared CDC Copeland control. Sensory studies performed via independent panels (a consumer, brewery, laboratory...

Microgreens are the young leafy greens of many vegetables, herbs, grains, and flowers with potential to promote human health sustainably diversify global food system. For successful further integration into system evaluation their impacts, it is critical elucidate optimize nutritional quality. We aimed comprehensively evaluate metabolite mineral contents 6 microgreen species, influence maturity on contents. Plant species evaluated were from Brassicaceae (arugula, broccoli, red cabbage),...

Maternal body composition can be an important determinant for development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Obesity-related outcomes offspring may include epigenetic alterations; however, mechanisms fetal programming remain to fully elucidated. This study was conducted determine the impact maternal absence a high fat diet on equine endometrium preimplantation embryos. Embryos were collected from normal obese mares at 8 16 days uterine biopsy (0 day = ovulation). With...

Abstract Produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations is considered a potential resource for food crop irrigation because of increasing scarcity in dryland agriculture. However, efforts to employ PW agriculture have been met with limited success. A greenhouse study was performed evaluate the effects on physiological morphological traits spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Plants were irrigated treatments containing 10 50% (PW10 PW50, respectively) compared matching salinity (NaCl50) 100%...

Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin of inner membrane essential function numerous proteins and processes. However, it unclear how deficiency impacts cardiac metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects cardiomyopathy on phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD) mice, which exhibit defective remodeling respiratory...