A5038364384- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Child and Adolescent Health
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Disaster Response and Management
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2020-2025
University of Liverpool
2020-2025
Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital
2021-2023
Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2023
University of Malawi
2021-2022
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
2020
University of Oxford
2020
Abstract Background Compared to the abundance of clinical and genomic information available on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 disease from high-income countries, there is a paucity data low-income countries. Our aim was explore relationship between viral lineage patient outcome. Methods We enrolled prospective observational cohort adult PCR-confirmed July 2020 March 2022 Blantyre, Malawi, covering four waves SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical diagnostic were collected using an adapted...
<ns3:p>Background Electronic informed consent can improve accuracy, workflow, and overall patient experience in clinical research but has not been used Malawi, owing to uncertainty about availability, utility, data security technical support. Objectives We aimed explore the utility of electronic (e-consent) an ongoing human infection study Blantyre, Malawi. Methods The approved paper forms were digitized using Open Data Kit (ODK). Following participant information giving by staff, healthy...
<ns3:p>Background Human Infection Studies (HIS) also known as Controlled Models (CHIM) are a relatively new concept in African countries to clinicians, scientists, and communities alike. We have introduced HIS/CHIM studies Malawi during the last four years by developing an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. This CHIM was used test efficacy of licensed 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) against nasal carriage. Traditional digital recruitment strategies into this...
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has left no country untouched there been limited research to understand clinical and immunological responses in African populations. Here we characterise patients hospitalised with suspected (PCR-negative/IgG-positive) or confirmed (PCR-positive) COVID-19, healthy community controls (PCR-negative/IgG-negative). PCR-positive participants were more likely receive dexamethasone a beta-lactam antibiotic, survive hospital discharge than PCR-negative/IgG-positive...
BackgroundThe effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Malawi is threatened by absence herd effect. There persistent vaccine-type carriage both vaccinated children and the wider community. We aimed to use a human infection study measure 13-valent (PCV13) efficacy against carriage.MethodsWe did double-blind, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial investigating PCV13 or placebo experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B (strain BHN418) among healthy adults...
Persistent carriage of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes has occurred after introduction PCV13 vaccination in Africa but the mechanisms are unclear. We tested feasibility using a human challenge model Malawi to understand immune correlates protection against and trial alternative candidates. aimed identify dose Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B sufficient establish nasopharyngeal 40% those nasally inoculated evaluate nasal mucosal immunity before experimental inoculation.Healthy student...
<ns5:p><ns5:bold>Background:</ns5:bold> As well as suffering a high burden of pneumococcal disease people living with HIV (PLHIV) may contribute to community transmission in sub-Saharan African (sSA) settings. Pneumococcal vaccination is not currently offered PLHIV sSA but prevent and reduce transmission. More evidence vaccine effectiveness against carriage needed. An Experimental Human Carriage model (EHPC) has been safely acceptably used healthy adults Malawi evaluate vaccines identify...
<ns4:p>Background Electronic consent can potentially improve accuracy, workflow, and overall patient experience in clinical research but has not been used Malawi, owing to uncertainty about data security technical support. Objectives We explored the feasibility of using electronic (e-consent) an ongoing human infection study Blantyre Malawi. dual-consented participants by both paper methods assess consent, then compared benefits challenges two methods. Methods The approved forms were...
<ns3:p><ns3:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</ns3:italic> is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with replacement demonstrate reduced effectiveness mucosal colonisation. As asymptomatic colonisation human nasopharynx a prerequisite for pneumococcal this proposed as...
Pneumococcal carriage is the primary reservoir for transmission and a prerequisite invasive pneumococcal disease. Conjugate Vaccine 13 (PCV13) showed 62% efficacy in protection against experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B (Spn6B) controlled human infection model (CHIM) of healthy Malawian adults. We, therefore, measured humoral responses to challenge PCV-13 vaccination determined association with carriage. We vaccinated 204 young, adults PCV13 or placebo nasally inoculated them...
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with replacement demonstrate reduced effectiveness mucosal colonisation. As asymptomatic colonisation human nasopharynx a prerequisite for pneumococcal this proposed as marker novel vaccine efficacy. Our...
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with replacement, demonstrate reduced effectiveness mucosal colonisation. For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage vaccine-type pneumococci common vaccinated children despite national roll-out 13-valent...
<ns3:p><ns3:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</ns3:italic> is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with replacement, demonstrate reduced effectiveness mucosal colonisation. For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage vaccine-type pneumococci common vaccinated children despite...
<ns3:p>Background Human infection studies (HIS) also known as Controlled Infection Models (CHIM) are a relatively new concept in African countries to clinicians, scientists, and communities alike. We have introduced HIS/CHIM Malawi during the last four years by developing an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. This CHIM was used test efficacy of licensed 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) against nasal carriage. Traditional digital recruitment strategies into this...
Abstract Background In Malawi, the national 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) demonstrated less herd immunity than in United States, likely due to higher natural carriage rates. We assessed PCV13 efficacy against experimental healthy Malawian adults. explored how (pneumococcal of any serotype apart from 6B) influenced rates and efficacy. Methods Healthy adults aged 18 40 years were randomly assigned (n = 98) or saline 106), followed by intranasal SPN 6B inoculation at 20 000...
<ns4:p>Background <ns4:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</ns4:italic> is a major cause of morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis. Nasopharyngeal carriage pneumococcus prerequisite for pneumococcal disease transmission. Since the global introduction conjugated vaccines, rates have declined many vaccine type serotypes but serotype 3 (SPN3) continues to significant disease. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) model unique method...
<ns3:p>Controlled human infection models offer a unique opportunity to understand infectious disease pathogenesis and have accelerated vaccine development evaluations in malaria typhoid. One major limitation of most CHIMs is that they are typically conducted healthy young adults who generally the population least affected by disease, exhibit distinct profiles more at-risk populations such as people living with HIV, children, older adults. However, added value studying these high relevance...
Background: The impact of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Malawi is threatened by lack herd immunity. There persistent vaccine-type carriage both vaccinated children and the wider community. We used measured efficacy against experimental a human infection study.Methods: 278 healthy adults were recruited to double-blind randomised controlled trial 13-valent placebo. Four weeks after vaccine/placebo, participants challenged with 20,000 (n=42), 80,000 (n=81) or...