A5102878450- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
- Study of Mite Species
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Child and Adolescent Health
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
2019-2025
University of California, San Francisco
2023-2025
San Francisco Foundation
2023-2025
University of Arizona
2017-2019
Arizona Science Center
2017-2019
Purdue University West Lafayette
2015-2018
University of Montana
2014
University of California, San Diego
1993-2011
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2011
University of Utah
2001
The effect of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine biota is quasi-predictable at best. While perturbation studies, in the form incubations under elevated pCO2, reveal sensitivities and responses individual species, one missing link OA story results from a chronic lack pH data specific to given species' natural habitat. Here, we present compilation continuous, high-resolution time series upper ocean pH, collected using autonomous sensors, over variety ecosystems ranging polar tropical,...
Abstract The bed bug, Cimex lectularius , has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses C. sequenced genome (650 Mb) 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide comprehensive representation that are traumatic insemination, reduced chemosensory repertoire related obligate...
BackgroundTwice-yearly mass distribution of azithromycin to children is a promising intervention reduce childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommended restricting infants 1 11 months age mitigate antimicrobial resistance, although this more limited treatment had not yet been tested.MethodsWe randomly assigned rural communities Niger four twice-yearly distributions for 59 (child group), and placebo 12 (infant or age. Census workers who were aware the...
Total alkalinity (AT) is an important parameter for describing the marine inorganic carbon system and understanding effects of atmospheric CO2 on oceans. Measurements AT are limited, however, because laborious process collecting analyzing samples. In this work we evaluate performance autonomous instrument high temporal resolution measurements seawater AT. The Submersible Autonomous Moored Instrument (SAMI-alk) uses a novel tracer monitored titration method where colorimetric pH indicator...
Insect gut bacteria have been implicated in a myriad of physiological processes from nutrient supplementation to pathogen protection. In fact, symbiont-mediated insecticide degradation has helped explain sudden control failure the field range active ingredients. The mechanisms behind loss susceptibility are varied based on host, symbiont, and identity. However, while some symbionts directly breakdown pesticides, others modulate endogenous host detoxification pathways or involve reciprocal...
Symbioses throughout the animal kingdom are known to extend physiological and ecological capabilities hosts. Insect-microbe associations extremely common often related novel niche exploitation, fitness advantages, even speciation events. These phenomena include expansions in host diet, detoxification of insecticides toxins, increased defense against pathogens. However, dissecting contributions individual groups symbionts at molecular level is underexplored due methodological analytical...
Abstract True bugs of the subfamily Triatominae may carry protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent Chagas disease. Endemic to South and Central America, has been found in triatomines throughout southern United States yet it is unclear how far north cruzi occurs Triatoma species. The objective this research was determine if St. Louis metropolitan area assess professionals across One Health spectrum for knowledge vectors Triatomine were collected using a variety methods, then processed PCR...
Steinernematid nematodes form obligate symbioses with bacteria from the genus Xenorhabdus. Together Steinernema and their bacterial symbionts successfully infect, kill, utilize, exit insect hosts. During this process disassociate requiring them to re-associate before emerging host. This interaction can be complicated when two different co-infect an Non-cognate nematode-bacteria pairings result in reductions for multiple measures of success, including total progeny production virulence....
The risk of antibiotic resistance is complicated by the potential for spillover effects from one treated population to another. Azithromycin mass drug administration programs report higher rates among treatment arms in targeted groups. This study aims understand non-target groups these programs.
Malnutrition is a risk factor for child mortality, with around 45% of deaths in children under 5 globally linked to malnutrition. Seasonality malnutrition has important implications the timing health programme activities, but evidence mixed on nature such patterns. Moreover, bulk existing focused wasting and stunting 6-59 months, despite increasing that younger also face high risk, underweight alone an predictor mortality. This study used data from cluster-randomised AVENIR trial which...
Objective Azithromycin has been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality. This subgroup analysis investigates azithromycin’s mortality impact by underweight status using Azithromycine pour la Vie des Enfants au Niger: Implementation et Recherche (AVENIR) trial data. Design The AVENIR randomised communities into three arms: azithromycin for children aged 1–59 months, infants 1–11 months or placebo. Weight-for-age z-score was used categorise subgroups of either moderate severe not and not....
Azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) for 1- to 59-month-olds reduces child mortality. However, guidelines restrict eligibility 11-month-olds because of concerns about antimicrobial resistance. This cluster-randomized implementation trial was conducted in parallel with a larger efficacy and compared outcomes between these approaches. Rural communities Niger were randomly assigned receive biannual azithromycin MDA either or over 1 year. The primary outcome the community-level cost per...
Previous studies in lower termites revealed unexpected synergies between nicotinoid insecticides and fungal entomopathogens. The present study investigated molecular mechanisms of nicotinoid-pathogen synergy the termite Reticulitermes flavipes, using nicotinoid, imidacloprid, combination with bacterial Particular focus was placed on metatranscriptome composition microbial dynamics symbiont-rich gut, which houses diverse mixes protists bacteria. cDNA microarrays containing a mix host protist...
Introduction: Termite symbionts are well known for conferring a myriad of benefits to their hosts. Bacterial repeatedly associated with increased fitness, nutritional supplementation, pathogen protection, and proper development across insect taxa. In addition, several recent studies link bacterial reduced insecticide efficacy. This has important implications both in pest control management environmental bioremediation efforts. Insects’ guts may be valuable resource microbes broad application...
Abstract Precipitation of solids, believed to be asphaltenes is common in most carbon dioxide floods. The oils flood applications, however, are light crudes with low initial asphaltene content. after breakthrough production equipment. It that precipitation does not occur the reservoir. objective this paper was identify reasons for phenomenon. mature at Rangely field Colorado selected as an example. A high-pressure, high-temperature pressure-volume-temperature apparatus conjunction a...
RNA interference insecticides have received increasing attention in recent years due to their classification as a reduced-risk biopesticide and proposed faster path registration compared with conventional synthetic insecticides. The goal of this study was synthesize compare efficacy 62 double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) from 31 target genes against the pest termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Fifty-seven dsRNAs ~125 base pairs each were successfully...
Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, technological factors. Researchers those involved in active management calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents 34 unique organizations, representing much the social-ecological-technological (SETS) related to grasshopper locust research...