The ruminant conceptus synthesizes and secretes interferon (IFN)-τ, which presumably acts via an intrauterine paracrine mechanism to signal maternal recognition of pregnancy. aims this study were determine whether IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) such as ISG15 OAS-1 are differentially expressed in blood cells circulating the uterus ewes; extrauterine components reproductive tract corpus luteum (CL) also express mRNA for these ISG, antiviral activity is greater uterine vein than artery during early...

Interferon tau (IFNT) from the ovine conceptus has paracrine actions on endometrium that alter release of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF) and protect corpus luteum (CL). Antiviral activity in uterine vein blood expression interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) CL is greater pregnant than nonpregnant ewes. We hypothesized IFNT contributes to antiviral endocrine CL. Preadsorption with antiserum against recombinant (ro) revealed ewes was mediated by IFNT. Endocrine were examined after infusing either...

Paracrine release of ovine interferon tau (oIFNT) from the conceptus alters endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) and prevents luteolysis. Endocrine oIFNT into uterine vein occurs by Day 15 pregnancy may impart resistance corpus luteum (CL) to PGF. It was hypothesized that infusion recombinant (roIFNT) or jugular veins on 10 estrous cycle would protect CL against exogenous PGF-induced Osmotic pumps were surgically installed in 24 ewes deliver bovine serum albumin (BSA; n = 12) roIFNT (200...

The antiviral activity of interferon (IFN) increases in uterine vein serum (UVS) during early pregnancy sheep. This UVS collected on Day 15 is blocked by anti-IFN-tau (anti-IFNT) antibodies. Conceptus-derived IFNT was hypothesized to induce IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression endometrium and extrauterine tissues pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, blood from ewes Days 12-16 the estrous cycle or Serum progesterone >1.7 ng/ml pregnant (P) nonpregnant (NP) until 13, then declined <0.6 NP ewes....

The hypothesis that ovine luteal gene expression differs due to pregnancy status and day of estrous cycle was tested. RNA isolated from corpora lutea (CL) on days 12 14 the (NP) or (P) analyzed with Affymetrix bovine microarray. also cells 10 were cultured for 24 h luteolytic hormones (OXT PGF) secretory products conceptus (IFNT PGE2). Differential (&gt;1.5-fold, P &lt; 0.05) confirmed using semiquantitative real-time PCR. Serum progesterone concentrations decreased 15 in NP ewes (...

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) fetal infections occur in two forms; persistent infection (PI) or transient (TI), depending on what stage of gestation the fetus is infected. Examination lymphoid organs from both PI and TI fetuses reveals drastically different responses, dependent upon developmental immune system. Total RNA was extracted thymuses spleens uninfected control, PI, collected day 190 to test hypothesis that BVDV impairs innate adaptive response thymus spleen types. Transcripts...

Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) serves as a reservoir for the perpetuation of in cattle populations and causes range adverse effects on health host. To study interactions host, gene expression was compared blood persistently infected (PI) uninfected steer, tissues PI fetuses, transiently (TI), fetuses. Microarray analysis steer revealed differential indicative an interferon (IFN) response including genes involved cell cycle regulation, which may contribute to...

Summary The central nervous system (CNS) is a major target of several important human and animal viral pathogens causing congenital infections. However, despite the importance neuropathological outcomes, for humans in particular, pathogenesis, including mode neuro‐invasion, remains unresolved most virus Using natural model infection with an RNA virus, bovine diarrhoea pregnant cattle, we sought to delineate timing neuro‐invasion spread within brain foetuses following experimental respiratory...

Abstract Infection of pregnant cows with noncytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induces rapid innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in clearance the less than 3 weeks. Seven to 14 days after inoculation cow, ncpBVDV crosses placenta a fetal viremia. Establishment persistent infection fetus has been attributed inability mount an response before 90–150 gestational age. The result is ‘immune tolerance’, replication shedding ncpBVDV. In contrast, we describe chronic...

The consequences of viral infection during pregnancy include impact on fetal and maternal immune responses development. Transplacental in cattle with noncytopathic bovine diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) early gestation results persistently infected (PI) fetuses life-long viremia susceptibility to infections. Infection the fetus third trimester or after birth leads a transient cleared by competent system. We hypothesized that ncpBVDV presence an would alter response lead downregulation...

Persistent infection (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been associated osteopetrosis and other long bone lesions, most commonly characterized as transverse zones of unmodeled metaphyseal trabeculae in fetuses calves. This study was undertaken to characterize the morphogenesis fetal lesions. Forty-six BVDV-naïve pregnant Hereford heifers approximately 18 months age were inoculated noncytopathic BVDV type 2 containing media or alone on day 75 gestation produce PI control...

One of the major causes early pregnancy loss is heat stress. In ruminants, interferon tau (IFNT) embryo signal to mother. Once signaling pathway activated, it drives gene expression for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and alters neutrophils responses. The aim present study was evaluate (IFN) pathway, ISGs in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) oxidative stress dairy cows under Pregnant had their estrous cycle synchronized randomly assigned a comfort or group. Blood samples were collected...

The ovine conceptus secretes interferon-tau (IFNT) during early pregnancy with greatest release from Days 14 to 16. IFNT acts in a paracrine manner on the endometrium silence transcription of endometrial estrogen receptor alpha and, consequently, oxytocin receptor, thus preventing oxytocin-induced luteolytic pulses prostaglandin F2 (PGF). Endocrine action also occurs by 14-15 through induction IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) extra-uterine tissues such as corpus luteum (CL). We have previously...

Non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncp BVDV) can cause persistent infection (PI) in animals infected utero during early gestation. PI shed the for life and are major source of herds. The mechanism responsible BVDV immune tolerance fetus is unknown. We assessed impact on fetal liver. Dams were inoculated with ncp at gestational day 75. Fetal liver samples collected necropsy, 7 14 days post-maternal-BVDV inoculation. antigen was not detected 82 (7 post-maternal inoculation). However,...

Interferon-tau (IFNT) from the ovine conceptus has paracrine actions on endometrium which alter release of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and protect corpus luteum (CL). Until recently, conceptus-derived IFNT was thought to act primarily within uterus. We previously demonstrated greater antiviral activity in uterine vein blood expression interferon stimulated genes (ISGs, i.e., ISG15) CL pregnant vs. non-pregnant ewes. Therefore, we hypothesized that contributes endocrine CL. Blood serum plasma Day...