Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of respiratory disease. Although previous mitochondrial research has provided new information about PM toxicity in lung, exact mechanism PM2.5-mediated structural and functional damage lung mitochondria remains unclear. In this study, changes morphology, expression fission/fusion markers, lipid peroxidation, transport ATPase activity SD rats exposed PM2.5 at different dosages were investigated. Also, release reactive...

Abstract Benzyl bromides and related molecules are among the most common substrates in organic synthesis. They typically used as electrophiles nucleophilic substitution reactions. These can also be activated via single-electron-transfer (SET) process for radical Representative recent progress includes α-carbon benzylation of ketones aldehydes photoredox catalysis. Here we disclose generation (nitro)benzyl radicals N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis under reductive conditions. The...

An NHC-catalyzed activation of acetic esters to afford enolate intermediates is disclosed. The catalytically generated triazolium serve as two-carbon nucleophiles that undergo highly enantioselective reactions with enones and α,β-unsaturated imines give α-unsubstituted δ-lactones lactams, respectively.

Abstract An enantioselective β‐carbon amination for enals is disclosed. The nitrogen atom from a protected hydrazine with suitable electronic properties readily behaves as nucleophile. Addition of the nucleophile to catalytically generated N‐heterocyclic‐carbene‐bound α,β‐unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate constructs new carbon–nitrogen bond asymmetrically. pyrazolidinone products our catalytic reactions are common scaffolds in bioactive molecules, and can be easily transformed into...

An efficient Pd(II)-catalyzed direct olefination of perfluoroarenes with allyl esters is demonstrated. Under the typical conditions, coupling reaction fluorinated-arenes allylic proceeded via a β-H elimination rather than β-OAc to give corresponding γ-substituted esters.

Abstract A carbene‐catalyzed intermolecular C−N bond formation, which initiates a highly selective cascade reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolidine fused β‐lactones, is disclosed. The nitrogen‐containing bicyclic β‐lactone products are obtained with good yields and excellent stereoselectivities. Synthetic transformations into useful functional molecules, such as amino catalysts, can be efficiently realized under mild conditions. Mechanistically, this study provides insights modulating...

This work demonstrates an alternative method to prepare allylated arenes and aryl-substituted allylic esters via catalytic decarboxylative C-C bond formation using aromatic carboxylic acids halides esters.

A carbene-catalyzed reductive 1,4-addition of nitrobenzyl bromides to nitroalkenes is disclosed. The reaction proceeds via a carbene-enabled single-electron-transfer process that generates radicals as key intermediates. present study expands the potentials carbene catalysis and offers unusual transformations for common substrates in organic synthesis.

An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [5 + 5] reaction between enals and furanones that generates multisubstituted coumarins in a single step is reported. Five atoms each of the substrates are involved this catalytic process to form benzene lactone ring. The power method further demonstrated metal-free total syntheses several natural products (defucogilvocarcins M, E, V) bearing coumarin as key structural motif.

Abstract Simple and inexpensive polyhalides (CCl 4 C 2 Cl 6 ) have been found to be effective versatile oxidants in removing electrons from Breslow intermediates under N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. This oxidative reaction involves multiple single‐electron‐transfer (SET) processes several radical intermediates. The α, β, γ‐carbon atoms of aldehydes enals could readily functionalized. Given the low cost broad applicability reactions, this study is expected greatly enhance feasibility...

To investigate the underlying inflammatory markers of frailty and evaluate predictive power nutritional risk screening (NRS) for in-hospital complications in elderly patients with hip fractures. A total 233 fractures partic-ipated study. Frailty was performed on all participants, who were then divided into frail ('frail only' 'frail malnourished') non-frail ('robust' 'malnourished only') cohorts. The clinical data collected followed up. Among patients, 39.9% frail, 26.2% malnourished 15.5%...

This study comprehensively examined the psychometric properties of Brief Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for patients (MUIS-P) managing advanced cancer and their caregivers (MUIS-Cg). The MUIS-P MUIS-Cg scales were developed based on Scale-Adult. We conducted a secondary analysis to test acceptability, factor structure, reliability, validity brief uncertainty with (N = 484) using data from randomized clinical trial. 9-item show goodness fit two-factor structure (unpredictability...

Abstract An enantioselective β‐carbon amination for enals is disclosed. The nitrogen atom from a protected hydrazine with suitable electronic properties readily behaves as nucleophile. Addition of the nucleophile to catalytically generated N‐heterocyclic‐carbene‐bound α,β‐unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate constructs new carbon–nitrogen bond asymmetrically. pyrazolidinone products our catalytic reactions are common scaffolds in bioactive molecules, and can be easily transformed into...

To evaluate the eradication rate, safety, and compliance of minocycline-containing bismuth quadruple regimens in patients with an untreated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.A total 360 H. infection were enrolled this study between June 2017 October 2018. Patients randomly divided into a minocycline/amoxicillin (RMAB) group, minocycline/metronidazole (RMMB) or amoxicillin/clarithromycin (RACB) all groups received combined treatment approach rabeprazole to create regimen for 14 days....

Recently-emerged base editing technologies could create single mutations at precise genomic positions without generation DNA double strand breaks. Herbicide resistant have been successfully introduced to different plant species, including Arabidopsis, watermelon, wheat, potato and tomato via C T (or G A on the complementary strand) editors (CBE) P197 position of endogenous acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes. Additionally, conversion another conserved amino acid S653 ALS gene confer tolerance...

Taiyuan is a center of coal-based electricity production and many chemicals industries, where mixtures sulfur dioxide (SO2) particulate matter may be more prominent. The focus the present study was to determine if there link between adverse effects in brain combined-exposure SO2 fine (PM2.5). Rats were exposed alternately PM2.5 with different dosages (1.5, 6.0 24.0 mg/kg body weight) at level 5.6 mg/m3. results showed that combined exposure enhanced mRNA expression protein TNF-α IL-6 rat...

Helicobacter pylori infection is related to the development of gastric diseases. Various virulence factors are responsible for pathogenic mechanisms H. infection. Our previous studies using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) overexpressed in carcinomas. Here, we examined whether Trx1 a novel factor associated with tumorigenesis. We found expression isolated from cancer tissues was significantly higher than exhibiting gastritis. In epithelial cell line GES-1,...

An unusual trimerization of enone is disclosed. The reaction proceeds through NHC/NaO<italic>t</italic>Bu-enabled SET radical process as key steps.

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the association between PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and daily outpatient number for respiratory cardiovascular diseases in a place where dust events are most frequent. During period, all hospitals Wuwei, Gansu province, northwest China were selected. results suggest that there associations increasing visits males females during period when frequently happen. was one main hazardous factors these period.