Four covariate selection approaches were compared: a directed acyclic graph (DAG) full model and 3 DAG change-in-estimate combined procedures. Twenty-five scenarios with case-control samples generated from 10 simulated populations in order to address the performance of these procedures presence confounders various strengths under misspecification omission or inclusion nonconfounders. Performance was evaluated by standard error, bias, square root mean-squared 95% confidence interval coverage....

In 2009, the first National Population-based Cancer Registry (NCR) was established in Sudan. We report this study, data from NCR for Khartoum State period 2009-2010. The staff used passive and active approaches to collect on cancer diagnosed by all means State. Rates were age standardized 2010 Sudan Standard Population 1966 2000 World expressed per 100,000 populations. During 2009-2010, 6771 new cases registered. Of those, 3646 (53.8%) women 3125 (46.2%) men. most commonly among breast...

Background The etiology of obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction ( ORCD ) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs components syndrome, warranting evaluation for dogs. Objectives To evaluate structure and function variables compared ideal weight Animals Forty‐six healthy, small‐breed (<25 pounds), (n = 29) 17). Methods A cross‐sectional study by standard strain echocardiographic measurements quantification serum (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected us in numerous ways and may consequently impact our relationships with pet dogs cats. We conducted a longitudinal survey to examine the temporal patterns of owner-pet relationship, stress, loneliness during four phases pandemic: 1) pre-pandemic (February 2020), 2) lockdown (April June 3) reopening (September December 4) recovery (January 2021 2021). also investigated effect ownership on stress loneliness, by considering set priori causal assumptions. In...

Background— Fetal arrhythmias characteristic of long QT syndrome (LQTS) include torsades de pointes (TdP) and/or 2° atrioventricular block, but sinus bradycardia, defined as fetal heart rate <3% for gestational age, is most common. We hypothesized that prenatal rhythm phenotype might predict LQTS genotype and facilitate improved risk stratification management. Method Results— Records subjects exhibiting were reviewed. echocardiograms, neonatal ECG, genetic testing evaluated. studied 43...

Invasion of the brain by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results in a shift blood-brain barrier (BBB) to insufficiently characterized blood-tumor (BTB). Effective drug delivery through BTB is one greatest therapeutic obstacles treating metastases. Using an experimental model, we defined key changes within and BBB around tumor (BAT) region over time. Brain-seeking NSCLC cells were delivered into circulation athymic-nude mice via intracardiac injection developing metastases evaluated...

Veterinary medical educators are charged with preparing students to enter practice in veterinary medicine during a four-year, intensive, professional education program. This requires giving laboratory training that involves dead, anesthetized, or conscious animals, so they become proficient the expected range of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Undeniably, experience animals is essential prepare for profession which comprise total domain. However, consumptive use teaching students,...

This study aimed to determine if naturally occurring episodes of ozone air pollution in the Salt Lake Valley Utah, USA, during summer are associated with increased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function individuals chronic obstructive disease (COPD) compared controls. We measured biomarkers (nitrite/nitrate (NOx), 8-isoprostane) exhaled breath condensate (EBC), spirometry, symptoms 11 former smokers moderate-to-severe COPD nine without...

ABSTRACT Medical records of 396 dogs undergoing splenectomy for treatment a splenic mass or nodular disease were reviewed retrospectively. Overall distribution histopathologic diagnosis and clinicopathologic features evaluated 325 that met inclusion criteria. Dogs dichotomized into two groups based on weight, with the statistically derived cutoff identified as 27.8 kg. Malignancy was diagnosed in 58% dogs, no difference between small (55%) large (61%) (P = .291). Overall, 32% masses...

Background: Plasma citrulline concentration is a reliable marker of global enterocyte mass in humans and markedly decreased diffuse small intestinal diseases. However, the relationship between acute damage plasma dogs has never been documented. Hypothesis: That with parvoviral enteritis have lower than healthy that predictor death puppies enteritis. Animals: Sixty‐one spontaneous 14 age‐matched control dogs. Methods: Observational cohort study. was measured by liquid chromatography tandem...

Abstract Objective To quantify the behavior problems and prescription of psychoactive medications in dogs seen at primary care veterinary hospitals. Methods Medical records canine patients a nationwide network hospitals US obtained between January 1, 2010, December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Information retrieved included clomipramine, fluoxetine, or trazodone; patient signalment; common problem labels ( aggression, separation anxiety , fear unrelated to ). Associations drug...

The aim of the study was to investigate relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and postoperative pneumonia (POP) after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, explore risk factors involved in prediction patients with T2DM. A retrospective conducted on 476 inpatients surgery (VATS) Second Hospital Fujian Medical University January 2019 December 2023. Demographic information, clinical variables including surgical data preoperative laboratory indices that potentially impact POP were...

We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2009 evaluate the occurrence of feral and wild cats risk Toxoplasma gondii infection in terrestrial wildlife natural area Illinois, USA. Felids are definitive hosts for T. key component rural urban transmission gondii. selected four forest sites within interior park edge 300 m human buildings. Feline was determined with use scent stations, motion-detection cameras, overnight live trapping. Based on stations trapping, used building more than...

Objectives To evaluate overall joint range of motion the forelimb in healthy dogs ascending stairs compared with incline slope walking. Methods Normal canine kinematics (range motion, flexion and extension) were during ascent or a ramp, to unimpeded trotting on flat surface. Eight adult no evidence orthopaedic neurological lameness assessed using 2‐dimensional kinematic system as they walked up custom built ramp stairs. Results In dogs, stair consistently had greater surface, significantly...

The measurable benefits of animal control programs are unknown and the aim this study was to determine impact these on pet population changes. A prospective cross-sectional 1000 households implemented in 2005 evaluate characteristics owned unowned dogs cats Santa Clara County, California. same previously studied 12 years earlier. During time period, county instituted 1994 then subsequently disestablished a municipal spay/neuter voucher program for cats. Dog intakes declined from 1992-2005,...