The aim of the study was to describe characteristics cleaning procedures for milking equipment applied in intensive dairy farms Lombardy (Italy) and their relationships with bacterial count bulk milk hygienic condition machine components. A group 22 visited twice (winter summer) order collect tank post-rinse water samples swabs from liners receiver. Samples were analysed determine: standard plate (SPC), laboratory pasteurization (LPC), psychrotrophic bacteria (PBC), coliform (CC) Escherichia...

Recent available instruments allow to record the number of differential somatic cell count (DSCC), representing combined proportion polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, on a large milk samples. Milk DSCC provides indirect information udder health status dairy cows. However, literature is limited regarding effect composition at individual cow level, as well its relation score (SCS). Hence, aims this study were (i) investigate different levels (fat, protein, casein, casein index,...

The progressive decrease of mean SCC in dairy herds worldwide is affecting accuracy as a subclinical mastitis marker. This evidence supports studies aiming to apply differential cell count (DSCC) tool identify mastitis. Two the major obstacles DSCC were unavailability high-throughput milk analysers and cost these analyses. Recently availability analysers, able perform partial on milk, allowed designing study individual samples. paper reports result this first Italian performed under field...

The application of selective dry cow therapy is one the measures currently suggested to reduce use antibiotics in dairy herds. However, will have a profound impact on Italian herds, very likely affecting both milk yield and quality. Identifying cows be treated at drying off crucial for farmers health authorities, therefore it necessary definition consistent certified procedure. This article reports results study aiming identify which SCC threshold would most appropriate potential...

The recent availability of a high-throughput milk analyzer performing partial differential somatic cell count (DSCC) opened new opportunities in investigations on bovine udder health. This has potential limitation the accuracy measurements when (SCC) is below 50,000 cells/mL, values characterizing good proportion lactating cows many herds. We obtained data for this threshold, assessed repeatability these and investigated relationship between DSCC health, composition yield. Overall, 3022 cow...

Data on the prevalence of major contagious pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) Italy are generally not available. The availability Real-Time PCR procedures (qPCR) to perform BTM analysis by represents an important step define herd health status. Therefore, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed assess and Prototheca spp samples. performed 581 herds from four districts west Lombardy region Italy. Additionally, relationship between SCC or yield; presence association risk factors...

Milk differential somatic cells count (DSCC), made possible under field conditions by the recent availability of a high-throughput milk analyzer may represent an improvement in mastitis diagnosis. While increasing number studies reports data on DSCC individual cow samples, very few concerns from quarter samples. This paper for first time results retrospective study aiming to assess performance total (SCC), DSCC, and novel calculated marker (PLCC) measured samples as method identify cows at...

Milk microbiota represents a key point in raw milk cheese production and contributes to the development of typical flavor texture for each type cheese. The aim present study was evaluate influence chlorine products usage cleaning sanitizing milking equipment on (i) microbiota; (ii) deriving whey-starter (iii) Trentingrana Protected Designation Origin (PDO) volatilome. samples from three farms affiliated PDO factory were collected times per week during 6-weeks period which sodium hypochlorite...

Among the available diagnostic techniques, antibody detection in bulk tank milk (BTM) represents a useful tool to estimate and monitor Neospora caninum herd prevalence. To evaluate prevalence of N. effect parasite infection on performances, BTM samples collected from 586 dairy herds located one largest production areas Italy (Lombardy) were analyzed by an indirect ELISA detect anti-N. specific antibodies. Generalized linear models (GLMs) developed. A purely spatial analysis scanning for...

Differential leukocyte count (DSCC) in milk is considered important to improve knowledge of udder immune response. The investigations on DSCC were limited by the techniques available until recently, when a high-throughput tool perform opened way explore these factors rapid and economically sustainable ways. We hypothesized that alone does not fully describe pattern cells, since total amount also influenced yield SCC. Therefore, this study was designed different leukocytes during course...

The cleaning and sanitation of milking equipment could be consider a critical point in the procedure because failure influence level bacteria contamination bulk tank milk. Aim study is to monitor procedures systems 7 dairy cows farms Lombardy find relation between efficacy system bacterial quality milk, remaining washing water through teat cup surface. Cleaning were monitored with Lactocorder, that measured: duration, temperature, turbulence, percentage pipes, conductivity pre- post-rinse...

Optimal milking management leads to an increase in production efficiency while respecting animal welfare and health. Not all farms can equip themselves with high level technological systems for economic, generational structural reasons. The aim of the study was assess performances, cow behaviour microclimatic condition farm areas using integrated data collection system based on surveys low-cost sensors. use video recordings mobile electronic flowmeters highlighted significant differences...

Mastitis is a major cause of antimicrobial treatments either during lactation or at drying off. From One Health perspective, there should be balance between the risk IMI that may impair cow health and welfare reduction usage to decrease resistance, as happen when applying selective dry-cow therapy. This achieved by an early accurate diagnosis followed prudent rationale therapeutical protocols. study aims assess accuracy PLCC (neutrophils + lymphocyte count/mL) in identifying cows having due...

Selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) is one measure suggested to reduce the use of antibiotics on dairy farms. This procedure may have a negative impact herds, affecting both milk yield and quality. The aim this observational study was evaluate implementation SDCT protocol based treatment only cows with SCC at last individual test before drying-off >100,000 cells/mL (primiparous cows) or >200,000 (pluriparous udder infection status. We also assessed association between management factors...

Abstract Milk production loss due to mastitis in dairy herds is economically important. Before estimating the economic impacts of mastitis, it crucial quantify association between and milk production. The objective this study was estimate somatic cell count (SCC, as an indicator intramammary infection mastitis) for cows Lombardy (Italy). test-day (TD) records data 3,816 located 3 different geographical areas from January 2016 December 2018 were used. After editing, final dataset comprised...

Milk production loss due to mastitis in dairy herds is economically important. Before estimating the economic impacts of mastitis, it crucial quantify association between and milk production. The objective this study was estimate somatic cell count (SCC, as an indicator intramammary infection mastitis) for cows Lombardy, Italy. test-day (TD) records data 3816 located three different geographical areas Lombardy from January 2016 December 2018 were used. After editing, final dataset comprised...

RiassuntoModalità di mungitura, curve emissione del latte e cellule somatiche. Il lavoro ha avuto lo scopo studiare le relazioni esistenti tra latte, la routine produzione il numero somatiche (come linear score). campione 3089 bovine, monitorate in 89 aziende lombarde, mostrato un'elevata percentuale bimodali (36%). La bimodalità è risultata più elevata nei casi ridotta o nulla preparazione della mammella breve intervallo stimolazione attacco delle tettarelle. Le sono risultate...

A survey of vacuum control, noise levels and energy savings was performed on 15 farmsin Lombardia, Italy comparing conventional regulation systems with variable speed drive(VSD) control each milking machine. The data showed that if VSD controllers are set upproperly they able to meet or exceed the stability regulators. Thereduction in achieved by averaged about 12 dB up 24 dBreductions some locations. saved using considerable,averaging 56%, 87% observed larger systems. also reducethe...

The aim of the study was to describe, on basis field data, traits milk flow curves Italian Brown cows and investigate some sources variation. A total 1,450 whole udder were collected in 81 dairy herds Lombardy, Italy, using electronic mobile meters. Parity order days affected most traits. Milk showed defects dependent milking management practices: very long machine-on time, duration overmilking phase, high percentage stripping moderate bimodality.