Significance A large body of work highlights disparities in survival rates across Black and White newborns during childbirth. We posit that these differences may be ameliorated by racial concordance between the physician newborn patient. Findings suggest when are cared for physicians, mortality penalty they suffer, as compared with infants, is halved. Strikingly, effects appear to manifest more strongly complicated cases, hospitals deliver newborns. No such effect found among birthing mothers.

Work history information reflected in resumes and job application forms is commonly used to screen applicants; however, there little consensus as how systematically translate about one's work-related past into predictors of future work outcomes. In this article, we apply machine learning techniques form data (including previous descriptions stated reasons for changing jobs) develop interpretable measures experience relevance, tenure history, involuntary turnover, avoiding bad jobs,...

Just as employers face uncertainty when hiring workers, workers also accepting employment, and bad may opportunistically depart from expectations, norms, laws. However, prior research in economics information sciences has focused sharply on the employer’s problem of identifying good rather than vice versa. This issue is especially pronounced markets for gig work, including online labor markets, which platforms are developing strategies to help identify employers. We build a theoretical model...

The federal statistical system is experiencing competing pressures for change. On the one hand, confidentiality reasons, much socially valuable data currently held by agencies either not made available to researchers at all or only under onerous conditions. other which release public databases face new challenges in protecting privacy of subjects those databases, leads them consider releasing fewer masking ways that will reduce their accuracy. In this essay, we argue discussion has given...

How much of the income-based gaps in cognitive ability and academic achievement could be closed by a two-year, center-based early childhood education intervention? Data from Infant Health Development Program (IHDP), which randomly assigned treatment to low-birth-weight children both higher- low-income families between ages one three, shows larger impacts among low-than higher-income children. Projecting IHDP U.S. population's IQ trajectories suggests that such program offered would...

How much of the income-based gaps in cognitive ability and academic achievement could be closed by a two-year, center-based early childhood education intervention? Data from Infant Health Development Program (IHDP), which randomly assigned treatment to low-birth-weight children both higher- low-income families between ages one three, shows larger impacts among low-than higher-income children. Projecting IHDP U.S. population's IQ trajectories suggests that such program offered would...

Using every major nationally representative dataset on parental and non-parental care provided to children up age 6, we quantify differences in American children's experiences by socioeconomic status (SES), proxied primarily with maternal education. Increasingly, higher-SES spend less total time their parents more the of others. Non-parental for high-SES is likely be childcare centers, where average quality higher, relatives lower. Even within types childcare, tend receive higher measured...

Journal Article Identification of Peer Effects with Missing Data: Evidence from Project STAR Get access Aaron Sojourner University Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 123, Issue 569, 1 June 2013, Pages 574–605, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02559.x Published: 17 December 2012 history Received: 07 2011 Accepted: 02 May

In a nationally representative sample, we predict retirement savings using survey‐based elicitations of exponential‐growth bias (EGB) and present (PB). We find that EGB, the tendency to neglect compounding, PB, value over future, are highly significant economically meaningful predictors savings. These relationships hold controlling for cognitive ability, financial literacy, rich set demographic controls. address measurement error as potential confound explore mechanisms through which these...

This article estimates the effect of labor-market concentration on labor compensation across US private sector since 2000. The authors distinguish between in local markets and product while guarding against bias from confounded product-market concentration. analysis extends beyond wages to rates employment-based health insurance coverage. Reported results suggest negative effects compensation. These are exacerbated when is higher or workers older.

Using a regression discontinuity design, the authors of this article examine effects nursing home unionization on several labor, establishment, and consumer outcomes. They find negative staffing levels no decline in care quality, suggesting positive labor productivity effects. Some evidence suggests that homes less competitive local product markets those with lower union density at time election experienced stronger employment Unionization appears to raise wages for given worker while also...

Controversies over the promise and perils of union political influence have erupted around United States. The author develops first evidence on degree to which labor unions develop members' leadership in broader community by studying relationship between state legislators' occupations unionization rates across U.S. states. fraction legislators a given occupation increases with occupation's rate that compared same other states lower rates. This pattern shows up varying degrees among three...

The authors study how union certification affects the enforcement of workplace-safety laws. To generate credible causal estimates, a regression discontinuity design compares outcomes in establishments which unions barely won representation elections to lost such elections. combines two main data sets: census National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and Occupational Safety Health Administration’s (OSHA) database since 1985. Evidence shows positive effects on establishment’s rate OSHA inspection,...

This paper studies the impacts of teacher pay-for-performance (P4P) reforms adopted with complementary human resource management (HRM) practices on student achievement and workforce flows. Since 2005, dozens Minnesota school districts in cooperation teachers’ unions implemented P4P as part state’s Quality Compensation program. Exploiting district variation participation status timing, we find evidence that P4P-centered HRM reform raises students’ by 0.03 standard deviations. Falsification...

Workers struggle to understand prospective employers. Through experienced workers' volunteered reviews, Glassdoor is a platform seeking provide information about employers job seekers. We find that the content most valuable seekers (negative information) kind risky supply, pointing catch-22. Higher ratings increase applications smaller firms only, creating an incentive for them discourage negative reviews. Concerns employer retaliation reviews and motivate employees who do disclose conceal...

Defaults have been shown to a powerful effect on retirement saving behavior yet there is limited research who most affected by defaults and whether this varies based features of the choice environment. Using administrative data employer-sponsored accounts linked survey data, we estimate relationship between choices individual characteristics – long-term discounting, present bias, financial literacy, exponential growth bias under two distinct environments: an opt-in regime auto-enrollment...

Aaron J. Sojourner, Elton Mykerezi and Kristine L. West

How much of the income-based gaps in cognitive ability and academic achievement could be closed by a two-year, center-based early childhood education intervention? Data from Infant Health Development Program (IHDP), which randomly assigned treatment to low birth weight children both higher- low-income families between ages one three, shows larger impacts among low- than higher-income children. Projecting IHDP U.S. population's IQ trajectories suggests that such program offered would...