A5037128442- Memory Processes and Influences
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Radiology practices and education
- Face recognition and analysis
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Terahertz technology and applications
- Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications
- Authorship Attribution and Profiling
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
Texas A&M University – Commerce
2014-2025
University of Jyväskylä
2015
Agora
2015
University of Mary Hardin–Baylor
2012
Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability it later. However, after watching a video of simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying in lineup than instead listed U.S. states and capitals—this has been termed “verbal overshadowing” effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this might be substantially smaller first reported. Given uncertainty about size, influence finding...
Researchers have argued that simultaneous lineups should follow the principle of propitious heterogeneity, based on idea if fillers are too similar to perpetrator even an eyewitness with a good memory could fail correctly identify him. A prediction can be derived from diagnostic feature-detection (DFD) hypothesis, such discriminability will decrease few features present distinguish between innocent and guilty suspects. Our first experiment tested these predictions by controlling similarity...
Summary The distance from which an eyewitness views a perpetrator is critical factor for identification, but has received little research attention. We presented three mock‐crime videos to participants, varying perpetrators (3, 10, or 20 m). Across two experiments, increased reduced empirical discriminability in the form of mirror effect, such that correct identifications decreased while false increased. Moreover, high confidence were associated with accuracy at 3 m (Experiment 1 and 2) 10...
Abstract Research indicates that eyewitness identification (ID) accuracy increases with faster IDs and those supported immediate high confidence, but it is not clear which measure, confidence or response time, the better reflector of accuracy. It also important to know how well these patterns hold up across factors affecting ID such as memory strength for perpetrator’s face. We conducted four pre-registered experiments investigate issues different levels target (via encoding time image...
Summary According to the Diagnostic Feature‐Detection (DFD) hypothesis, presence of fillers that match eyewitness's description perpetrator will boost discriminability beyond a showup, and very few may suffice produce advantage. We tested this hypothesis by comparing showups with simultaneous lineups size 3, 6, 9, 12. Participants ( N = 10,433) were randomly assigned one these conditions, as well target‐present (TP) versus target‐absent (TA) lineup. As predicted DFD superior showups, there...
Summary Crimes can occur in a matter of seconds, with little time available for an eyewitness to encode perpetrator's face. The presence weapon further exacerbate this situation. Few studies have featured mock crimes short duration, especially manipulation. We conducted experiment investigate the impact and perpetrator exposure times (3 vs. 10 seconds) on confidence accuracy. found that recall concerning was worse when present, replicating focus effect. However, there no effect...
Summary The sequential lineup is multifaceted, including serial presentation of faces, multiple decisions, and often backloading (indicating to an eyewitness that a contains more photos than there actually are). We evaluated the effect instructions on response bias sensitivity with identification paradigm. Importantly, we included ‘undisclosed’ condition provided no information participants about number members expect. Experiment 1 ( N = 780) tested lineups; 2 532) simultaneous lineups. As...
Summary Computer‐generated faces (composites) constructed by select2ing individual facial features (e.g. eyes, nose, mouth) are poorly recognized because this process contrasts with the natural holistic processing of real faces. This result suggests that there should be differences in cognitive these composites compared photos faces, which would make stimuli problematic for theories seeking to explain face processing. We conducted five experiments test potential conditions moving composite...
Abstract The identification procedure can greatly affect eyewitness performance, but this may be contingent upon a relatively weak memory for the perpetrator. In large preregistered experiment ( N = 13,728), we manipulated strength and tested participants with target‐present or ‐absent showup lineup (size 3 6). All fillers were description‐matched of low high similarity target. We replicated advantage fair simultaneous lineups over showups low‐ high‐similarity when perpetrator's face was...
Summary It is important to consider the two parameters of signal detection theory, discriminability and response bias, when evaluating eyewitness identification from simultaneous lineups. On basis diagnostic feature‐detection hypothesis, we tested a method for increasing that encourages eyewitnesses carefully rank each lineup member based on match their memory perpetrator. This procedure increased empirical also eliminated bias largely overlooked in literature: Participants were biased...
Abstract The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is based on facial information that versus non-diagnostic suspect guilt. It primarily has been tested by discounting at retrieval, typically surrounding a single showup with good fillers to create lineup. We additional DFT predictions manipulating the presence (i.e., exterior region face) both encoding and retrieval large between-subjects factorial design ( N = 19,414). In support in replication literature,...
We examined the influence of meme consistency (vs.inconsistency) and intragroup status on spread memes in virtual communities.Prior research suggests that information consistent with theme group is remembered better ideas threatening to identity are rejected.In addition, previous shows low-status members mimic high-status communicate them seek approval.We analyzed social interactions among four online forums from January 1, 2010, February 21, 2014.Contrary our prediction, results show...
Abstract Many criminals have distinctive facial features such as tattoos, yet the potential impact on eyewitness memory has received little research attention. Does a feature harm for face at encoding, and can police do anything about this when constructing lineup? it matter whether is interior (e.g., tattoo face) or exterior neck)? These are kinds of questions that we investigated by randomly assigning large nationwide sample online participants to conditions within an experimental design...
Summary Many crimes occur in which a perpetrator has distinctive facial feature, such as tattoo or black eye, but few eyewitness identification (ID) studies have involved feature. We conducted an experiment to determine how ID performance is impacted by and police could deal with this issue. Participants ( N = 4,218) studied target face without later viewed simultaneous photo lineup either containing the not. For those who saw feature was replicated among all members removed. The eye harmed...
The role of parental divorce on the adjustment emerging adults has been understudied and mostly limited to first-year college students. This study sought examine relation between in students identify differences from intact divorced families while also examining gender age differences. Results indicated no as a whole or by for families. However, who were older when their parents had higher levels self-esteem than those whose they younger. Implications are discussed.
Summary Few studies have investigated eyewitnesses' ability to predict their later lineup performance, known as predecision confidence . We applied calibration analysis in two experiments comparing (immediately after encoding but prior a lineup) postdecision determine which produces superior relationship with decision accuracy. Experiment 1 ( N = 177) featured multiple‐block recognition paradigm featuring several targets and lineups; 2 an eyewitness identification mock‐crime video single for...
Summary Most eyewitness identification research simulates single perpetrator crimes, but real‐world crimes often transpire at the hands of multiple perpetrators. It is unclear how perpetrators might impact ability eyewitnesses to discriminate between guilty and innocent. To address this issue, we conducted two experiments in which large nationwide samples participants read a vignette about crime being committed, then viewed one target faces. If there were targets, they either similar or...