This research evaluates the empirical evidence of an emerging transnational corporate community over past 25 years. In a study Fortune Global 500 between 1983 and 1998, we find significant increase in total number interlocking directorates even greater growth interlocks. is predominantly among firms within European Community Europe US. There has also been dramatic domestic interlocks certain states. These findings suggest that there is, indeed, business community.

This article explores the increasing involvement of state in science, particular establishment a new cabinet-level ministry for science and technology by 146 countries from 1950 to 1990. As confirmatory analyses test hypotheses, I employ event history techniques—piecewise exponential models with period-specific effects. The results show that although internal, functional conditions exerted positive influence on adoption rate ministries during earlier period (1950–70), institutional effects...

This article concerns the comparative dimension of digital divide, global assessing processes various sorts that shape this differentiating feature and mapping its trends change. The authors (a) map divide with multiple indicators to find patterns varying degrees differentiation between countries worldwide blocs (b) assess national characteristics contribute level IT connectedness. compare effects these social conditions on pervasiveness IT. Their preliminary results indicate it is neither...

This article concerns the comparative dimension of digital divide, global assessing processes various sorts that shape this differentiating feature and mapping its trends change. The authors (a) “map” divide with multiple indicators to find patterns varying degrees differentiation between countries worldwide blocs (b) assess national characteristics contribute level IT connectedness. compare effects these social conditions on pervasiveness IT. Their preliminary results indicate it is neither...

Using molecular adjuvants offers an attractive strategy to augment DNA vaccine-mediated immune responses. Several studies have revealed that efficient HCV vaccine model should be able induce both humoral and cell mediated responses targeting the conserved regions of virus circumvent escape mutants. The beta chemokine Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3-beta (MIP-3beta) is a key modulator dendritic cells (DCs) T-cells interaction, functions during response induction secreted specifically by in...

Immunization with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed tumor antigen can activate tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which is responsible for protection and regression. In this study, we examined whether DCs necrotic lysates efficiently prevent malignant melanoma cell metastasis to the lung. derived from mouse bone marrow were found produce remarkably elevated levels of IL-12 after being lysates. Moreover, immunization these induced CTL activation protected mice development by...

The global and local are not a dichotomous classification the interplay between them becomes more complex. This article seeks to provide an account that makes sense of simultaneous coexistence these two seemingly contradictory trends. In this article, we attempt compile theoretical combination `globalness' `localness' while presenting case Korea's globalization. We explore, as example dynamics strong globalness weak localness, how Korean government has submissively managed national...

A worldwide movement of theorization and professionalization management has spread a variety modern organizational systems, including personal training, decision-making, accounting, behavior strategy. This development promotes expands notions ‘organizational rationality’ while undercutting older communal forms organizing. In this article I examine explain development, focusing on the area accounting. The core argument is that an accountability model, particularly evident in corporate...

Central governments have expanded over time across all regions in both ministerial and fiscal scales. However, it has not been shown empirically whether the structural expansion of central government is even a world-wide phenomenon. By studying 116 sovereign nation-states from 1950 to 1990, this study demonstrates global nature governmental further examines its implication for national development using two-way random effects GLS models. Results clearly indicate that cost large structure...

Abstract MHC class II molecules, in addition to their essential role as antigen‐presenting molecules CD 4 + T cell receptor, have a signal‐transducing related B function. We identified pro‐ IL ‐16 one of the proteins associated with ‐mediated signalling an analysis ‐associated using immunoprecipitation and proteomics data obtained from 38B9 resting line, investigated activation. found that ‐16, rather than mature form is present both cytoplasm nucleus cells, its expression influenced by...

Nation-states worldwide are institutionalizing a culture of transparency and accountability. In our analyses data reported in the United Nations (UN) Statistical Yearbooks since 1970, we identify two main trends: (1) national governments providing greater amount on larger set social, political, economic domains, (2) increasingly offer such accordance with international standards introduced by UN. addition, find that overall cross-national trend toward accountability, as measured standard...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important primary pathogen in pigs, which it causes a highly contagious pleuropneumoniae. In our previous study, apxIA gene amplified from A. Korean isolate by PCR with primer designed based on the N- and C-terminal of toxin was cloned TA cloning vector sequenced. The nucleotide sequences reported to GenBank accession numbers AF363361. Identity Apx IA E. coli proved SDS-PAGE Western blot. Yeast has been demonstrated be excellent host for expression...

Oral vaccination may be the most efficient way of inducing an immune response at remote mucosal site through common network. Antigen-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) is major immunoglobulin type generally detected in secretions experimental animals following effective oral immunization. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causing disease lung pig initially interacts, colonizes, and infects host tissues surface respiratory tract. Also, importantly for A. protection, quantity sIgA had merits...

This study aims to empirically analyze the factors that influence individual citizens' participation in solving social problems. We employed data from Social Value Survey conducted by Center for Enhancement Studies (CSES). The findings showed individuals with a more value-integrative mindset tend be active participating problem-solving activities and engage wider range of such compared those without this mindset. Additionally, impact these attitudes was significant direct address issues....

The world regime of development in the post-WWII era has given rise to expansion intergovernmental technology organizations (IGTO) and membership. Providing standards regulations engaging collective research development, these play an important role constructing political, cultural, technological landscape world. This study reveals that nation-states joined more IGTOs over time, but varying degrees, examines factors affecting state participation such organizations. We propose era,...

This essay examines the promise of universal democratization in relation to threat cultural homogenization. Does promotion human rights represent an unacceptable form global homogenization? How might it be possible respect dignity individual cultures even while advancing cause as a matter right versus wrong? The paper argues case that these two conflicting impulses can addressed within discursively oriented theory democracy. argument relies on Habermas's communicative action, applying his...