A5057849978- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Malaria Research and Control
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
- Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Retinal and Macular Surgery
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016-2025
University of Virginia
2008-2025
McKing Consulting (United States)
2024-2025
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
2013-2023
Center for Global Health
2013-2023
Shell (United States)
2023
Royal Gwent Hospital
2021
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2007-2021
Michigan State University
1988-2018
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010-2017
Objectives. We measured the extent to which a set of psychosocial health problems have an additive effect on increasing HIV risk among men who sex with (MSM). Methods. conducted cross-sectional household probability telephone sample MSM in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco. Results. Psychosocial are highly intercorrelated urban MSM. Greater numbers significantly positively associated high-risk sexual behavior infection. Conclusions. AIDS prevention has overwhelmingly focused...
An ongoing phase 3 study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is being conducted in seven African countries.From March 2009 through January 2011, we enrolled 15,460 children two age categories--6 to 12 weeks 5 17 months age--for vaccination with either or a non-malaria comparator vaccine. The primary end point analysis was efficacy against clinical during after first 6000 at enrollment who received all three doses according protocol. After 250 had...
An inherited basis for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been suggested by reports of families with multiple affected members and a previous study the familial aggregation symptoms SDB. In this study, we quantify characterize SDB assess degree to which similarities may be independent obesity. This was genetic-epidemiologic that assessed distribution in identified through proband diagnosed sleep apnea among same community no relative known apnea. overnight inhome monitoring airflow, oxygen...
Summary . We propose a new approach to fitting marginal models clustered data when cluster size is in‐ formative. This uses generalized estimating equation (GEE) that weighted inversely with the size. show our asymptotically equivalent within‐cluster resampling ( Hoffman, Sen, and Weinberg, 2001 , Biometrika 73, 13–22), computationally intensive in which replicate sets containing randomly selected observation from each are analyzed, resulting estima‐ tes averaged. Using simulated an example...
Summary: Purpose: In limbic or mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, much attention has been given to specific regions cell populations (e.g., the hippocampus dentate granule cells). Epileptic seizures may involve broader changes in neural circuits, and evidence suggests that subcortical play a role. this study we examined midline thalamic for involvement seizures, anatomy physiology, potential role region epilepsy Methods: Using two rat models (hippocampal kindled chronic spontaneous epilepsy)...
Background High rates of typhoid fever in children urban settings Asia have led to focus on childhood immunization Asian cities, but not Africa, where data, mostly from rural areas, shown low disease incidence. We set out compare incidence a densely populated slum and community Kenya, hypothesizing higher the area, given crowding suboptimal access safe water, sanitation hygiene. Methods During 2007-9, we conducted population-based surveillance Kibera, an informal settlement Nairobi, Lwak,...
Royal Ophthalmologist during the reign of Queen Anne (1702-17I4), who inci- dentally was unable to read or write (Guthrie, 1958), gave a choice description dangers perforation in deep scleritis: 'For it is most certain that this horny membrane . .by how much deeper blister hidden danger make an ulceration by breaking through membrane, whereupon may ensue utter loss and decay all humours'.Further documentation sequelae scleral inflamma- tion awaited further century for staphylomata Scarpa...
Characterizing infectious disease burden in Africa is important for prioritizing and targeting limited resources curative preventive services monitoring the impact of interventions.From June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2008, we estimated rates acute lower respiratory tract illness (ALRI), diarrhea febrile (AFI) among >50,000 persons participating population-based surveillance impoverished, rural western Kenya (Asembo) an informal settlement Nairobi, (Kibera). Field workers visited households every...
In African settings with poor access to health care, surveillance and surveys of disease burden are often done through home visits. The optimal recall period capture data on symptoms utilization is unknown.We collected illness among 53 000 people during fortnightly visits in rural urban Kenya. Dates cough, fever diarrhoea the past 2 weeks health-seeking behaviour were recorded. Incidence rates modelled using Poisson regression for from 1 July 2006 30 June 2007.Incidence higher days 0-6...
The human landing catch (HLC) has long been the gold standard for estimating malaria transmission by mosquitoes, but come under scrutiny because of ethical concerns exposing collectors to infectious bites. We estimated incidence Plasmodium falciparum infection in a cohort 152 persons conducting HLCs and compared it with that 147 non-collectors western Kenya. Participants were presumptively cleared Coartem™ (artemether-lumefantrine) tested every 2 weeks 12 weeks. HLC collections conducted...
Sj0gren's disease, first described in 1933 (Sj0gren, 1933), consists of chronic inflammation the lacrimal and salivary glands leading to dryness eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) mouth (xerostomia); a proportion patients gland enlargement may also be present (Bloch, Buchanan, Wohl, Bunim, 1965;Talal, 1966).In 50 60 per cent. disease associated with connective tissue disorder, usually rheumatoid arthritis, but occasionally polymyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, progressive systemic sclerosis...
Background Data on the incidence and prognostic significance of renal dysfunction in HIV disease are limited. Objective To determine proteinuria elevated serum creatinine HIV-positive HIV-negative women to whether these abnormalities predictors mortality or associated with causes death listed certificate women. Design The was assessed a cohort 885 425 at-risk Setting Women from general community care clinics four urban locations United States. Outcome Measures Creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL, 2+ more,...
Both insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) reduce malaria in high transmission areas.1–3 The combined effect of these interventions is unknown. We conducted a non-randomized prospective cohort study to determine protective efficacy IRS with ITNs (ITN + IRS) compared alone only) preventing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. At baseline, participants provided blood samples for smears, were presumptively treated malaria, received ITNs. Blood smears made monthly...
Summary Purpose: Studies have suggested that the medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus plays a role in behavioral expression limbic seizures, but it is unclear whether this region key component for primary seizure circuitry or path spread from one to another. This study was undertaken determine potential activity. Methods: Adult male rats received kindling stimulation either under urethane anesthesia while awake. Glutamate its agonists GABA antagonist bicuculline agonist muscimol were infused...
We report and explore changes in child mortality a rural area of Kenya during 2003-2009, when major public health interventions were scaled-up. Mortality ratios rates calculated by using the Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control Prevention Demographic Surveillance System. Inpatient outpatient morbidity mortality, verbal autopsy data analyzed. children less than five years age decreased from 241 to 137 deaths/1,000 live-births 2003 2007 respectively. In 2008, they increased...
Background We analyzed HIV testing rates, prevalence of undiagnosed HIV, and predictors in the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007. Methods KAIS was a nationally representative sero-survey that included demographic behavioral indicators for HSV-2, syphilis, CD4 cell counts population aged 15–64 years. used gender-specific multivariable regression models to identify factors independently associated with sexually active persons. Results Of 19,840 eligible persons, 80% consented interviews...
There is need for locally-derived age-specific clinical laboratory reference ranges of healthy Africans in sub-Saharan Africa. Reference values from North American and European populations are being used African subjects despite previous studies showing significant differences. Our aim was to establish adolescents young adults that can be trials patient management.A panel 298, HIV-seronegative individuals aged 13-34 years randomly selected participants two population-based cross-sectional...
series of not more than three patients (Sjogren, I933;