A5037436749- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Philipps University of Marburg
2016-2025
German Center for Infection Research
2015-2024
Institute of Virology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
2022
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
2016-2019
Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center
2017
German Center for Lung Research
2017
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has unprecedented implications for public health, social life, and the world economy. Because approved drugs vaccines are limited or not available, new options COVID-19 treatment prevention in high demand. To identify SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, we analyzed antibody response of 12 patients from 8 to 69 days after diagnosis. By screening 4,313 SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells, isolated 255 antibodies different time points as early Of these, 27 potently neutralized...
SummaryBackgroundCases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection continue to rise in the Arabian Peninsula 7 years after it was first described Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV poses a significant risk public health security because an absence currently available effective countermeasures. We aimed assess safety and immunogenicity candidate simian adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing full-length spike surface glycoprotein, ChAdOx1 MERS, humans.MethodsThis dose-escalation,...
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a disease with case fatality rate of up to 35%. Given its potential cause public health emergency and the absence efficacious drugs or vaccines, MERS is one WHO priority diseases warranting urgent research development countermeasures. We aimed assess safety tolerability an anti-MERS-CoV modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine candidate that expresses MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein, MVA-MERS-S, in healthy adults.
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected more than 1900 humans, since 2012. ranges from asymptomatic and mild cases to severe pneumonia death. virus is believed be circulating in dromedary camels without notable symptoms the 1980s. Therefore, are considered only animal source of infection. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines approved for veterinary or medical use despite active research on this area. Here, we developed four vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV...
ABSTRACT Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe disease in humans. We tested a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) glycoprotein by immunizing BALB/c mice with either intramuscular or subcutaneous regimens. In all cases, MVA-MERS-S induced MERS-CoV-specific CD8 + T cells and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccinated were protected against challenge infection after transduction the human dipeptidyl...
ABSTRACT In 2012, the first cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were identified. Since then, more than 1,000 MERS-CoV have been confirmed; is typically associated considerable morbidity and, in approximately 30% cases, mortality. Currently, there no protective vaccine available. Replication-competent recombinant measles virus (MV) expressing foreign antigens constitutes a promising tool to induce immunity against corresponding pathogens. Therefore,...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as the infectious agent causing pandemic disease 2019 (COVID-19) with dramatic consequences for global human health and economics. Previously, we reached clinical evaluation our vector vaccine based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) against Middle East (MERS-CoV), which causes an infection in humans similar to SARS COVID-19. Here, describe construction preclinical characterization of a recombinant MVA...
Abstract MERS-CoV seronegative and seropositive camels received a single intramuscular dose of ChAdOx1 MERS, replication-deficient adenoviral vectored vaccine expressing spike protein, with further groups receiving control vaccinations. Infectious active naturally acquired infection, were co-housed the vaccinated at ratio 1:2 (infected:vaccinated); nasal discharge virus titres monitored for 14 days. Overall, vaccination reduced shedding (p = 0.0059 p 0.0274, respectively). Antibody responses...
Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) is a severe complication for some infections. To investigate the potential VAERD induction in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), we evaluate two vaccine leads utilizing hamster infection model: T helper type 1 (TH1)-biased measles vaccine-derived candidate and TH2-biased alum-adjuvanted, non-stabilized spike protein. The virus (MeV)-derived protects animals, but protein lead induces VAERD, which can be alleviated by dexamethasone treatment....
Pneumonia may be caused by a wide range of pathogens and is considered the most common infectious cause death in humans. Murine acute lung infection models mirror human pathologies many aspects contribute to our understanding disease development novel treatment strategies. Despite progress other fields tissue imaging, histopathology remains conclusive practical read out tool for descriptive semiquantitative evaluation mouse pneumonia therapeutic interventions. Here, we systematically...
Despite the recent availability of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are important drug class in global fight SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to their ability convey immediate protection and potential be used as both prophylactic therapeutic Clinically viruses currently injected intravenously, which can lead suboptimal pulmonary bioavailability thus a lower...
Abstract Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an integral part of the mammalian genome. The role immune control ERVs in general is poorly defined as their function anti-cancer targets or drivers autoimmune disease. Here, we generate mouse-strains where Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus tagged with GFP (ERV-GFP) infected mouse germline. This enables us to analyze genetic, epigenetic and cell intrinsic restriction factors ERV activation control. We identify autoreactive B response against...
The current Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. Sensitive and precise diagnostic tools are urgently needed. In this study, we developed SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. S1 ELISA was found be specific [97.8% (95% CI, 96.7% - 98.5%)], reproducible (intra-assay coefficient variability (CV) 5.3%, inter-assay CV 7.9%). A...
The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is synthesized as a large precursor protein and must be activated by proteolytic cleavage into S1 S2. A recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing native, full-length S (MVA-SARS-2-S) currently under investigation candidate vaccine in phase I clinical studies. Initial results from immunogenicity monitoring revealed induction of S-specific antibodies binding to S2, but low-level antibody responses the domain. Follow-up investigations...
While severe coronavirus infections, including Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), cause lung injury with high mortality rates, protective treatment strategies are not approved for clinical use. We elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which cyclophilin inhibitors cyclosporin A (CsA) and alisporivir (ALV) restrict MERS-CoV to validate their suitability as readily available therapy in infection. Calu-3 cells primary human alveolar epithelial (hAECs) were infected treated CsA or ALV...
Mammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, was recently shown to cause encephalitis humans with without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory pathway. However, (I) susceptible cell types replicate virus for successful spread, (II) role of ensheathing cells (OECs), remained unclear. To address this, we studied intranasal infection adult rats vivo vitro, using mucosal...
Abstract Four COVID-19 vaccines were developed, tested, and authorized early in Europe the US. Comirnaty Spikevax are mRNA-based, whereas Jcovden Vaxzevria utilize adenoviral vectors (AdV). We described a hamster model of utilizing Wuhan-1 strain SARS-CoV-2, which vaccine-associated immunopathogenesis can be induced by Alum-adjuvanted Spike protein (Alum+S). Such animals vaccinated with or Alum+S, challenged, examined. All hamsters produced antibodies targeting S. Neutralizing (nAb) only...
SUMMARY The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has unprecedented implications for public health, social life, and world economy. Since approved drugs vaccines are not available, new options COVID-19 treatment prevention highly demanded. To identify neutralizing antibodies, we analysed the antibody response of 12 patients from 8 to 69 days post diagnosis. By screening 4,313 SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells, isolated 255 antibodies different time points as early Among these, 28 potently neutralized authentic (IC...
Vaccine development is essential for pandemic preparedness. We previously conducted a Phase 1 clinical trial of the vector vaccine candidate MVA-MERS-S against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), expressing its full spike glycoprotein (MERS-CoV-S), as homologous two-dose regimen (Days 0 and 28). Here, we evaluate safety (primary objective) immunogenicity (secondary exploratory objectives: magnitude characterization vaccine-induced humoral responses) third vaccination...
Emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV), pose a global threat require immediate countermeasures, including the rapid development of effective vaccines that are easy to manufacture. Synthetic self-amplifying RNAs (saRNAs) attend these needs, being safe strong immune stimulators can be inexpensively produced in large quantities, using cell-free systems good manufacturing practice. Here, first goal was develop optimize an anti-EBOV saRNA-based vaccine terms its...
The urgent need for vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) was underscored by the large outbreak in West Africa (2014-2016). Since then, several promising vaccine candidates have been tested pre-clinical and clinical studies. As a result, two were approved human use 2019/2020, of which one includes heterologous adenovirus/Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) prime-boost regimen. Here, we new based on recombinant MVA vector, encoding EBOV nucleoprotein (MVA-EBOV-NP) or glycoprotein (MVA-EBOV-GP) their...