A5039674482- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Microscopic Colitis
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Semantic Web and Ontologies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Mobile Agent-Based Network Management
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Natural Language Processing Techniques
Washington University in St. Louis
2025
bioMérieux (France)
2017-2025
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
2025
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2021-2024
Reckitt Benckiser (United States)
2024
University of South Africa
2024
Oregon Health & Science University
2022
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
2006-2021
Imperial College London
2021
University of Pennsylvania
1998-2021
In March 2003, several hospitals in Quebec, Canada, noted a marked increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.In 2004 we conducted prospective study at 12 Quebec to determine nosocomial C. diarrhea and its complications case-control identify risk factors for disease. Isolates difficile were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyzed binary toxin genes partial deletions A B repressor gene tcdC. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated subgroup isolates.A...
Clostridium difficile infection is a serious diarrheal illness associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients generally have response to oral vancomycin or metronidazole; however, the rate of recurrence high. This phase 3 clinical trial compared efficacy safety fidaxomicin those in treating C. infection.Adults acute symptoms positive result on stool toxin test were eligible for study entry. We randomly assigned patients receive (200 mg twice daily) (125 four times orally 10...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene that impair function of CFTR, an epithelial chloride channel required for proper lung, pancreas, and other organs. Most patients with carry F508del mutation, which causes defective protein folding processing endoplasmic reticulum, resulting minimal amounts at cell surface. One strategy to treat these correct F508del-CFTR small molecules. Here we describe vitro pharmacology VX-809, a...
BackgroundMost studies of the causes diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease people presenting for care, there are few estimates pathogen-specific burdens community.MethodsWe undertook a birth cohort study with not only intensive community surveillance but also routine collection non-diarrhoeal stools from eight sites South America, Africa, Asia. We enrolled children within 17 days birth, diarrhoeal episodes (defined as maternal report three or more...
In the spring of 2009, an outbreak severe pneumonia was reported in conjunction with concurrent isolation a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), widely known as swine flu, Mexico. Influenza subtype viruses have rarely predominated since 1957 pandemic. The analysis epidemic absence routine diagnostic tests can provide information about risk factors for disease from this and prospects its control.From March 24 to April 29, total 2155 cases pneumonia, involving 821...
A hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) pathotype is undergoing global dissemination. In contrast to the usual health care-associated epidemiology of classical K. (cKp) infections, hvKp causes tissue-invasive infections in otherwise healthy individuals from community, often involving multiple sites. An accurate test identify strains needed for improved patient care and epidemiologic studies. To fill this knowledge gap, clinical criteria or random blood isolates North American United...
Observational studies report that influenza vaccination reduces winter mortality risk from any cause by 50% among the elderly. Influenza coverage elderly persons (> or =65 years) in United States increased between 15% and 20% before 1980 to 65% 2001. Unexpectedly, estimates of influenza-related this age group also during period. We tried reconcile these conflicting findings adjusting excess for aging circulation A(H3N2) viruses.We used a cyclical regression model generate seasonal national...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disease caused by mutations in cftr, gene encoding PKA-regulated Cl − channel. The most common mutation results deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (ΔF508-CFTR) that impairs protein folding, trafficking, and channel gating epithelial cells. In the airway, these defects alter salt fluid transport, leading to chronic infection, inflammation, loss lung function. There are no drugs specifically target mutant CFTR, optimal treatment CF may require...
A vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would be highly effective in stopping the acquired syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. comprehensive evaluation of potential methodologies can made by means simian model for AIDS, which takes advantage similarities viral composition and disease between (SIV) infection rhesus macaques HIV humans. Immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole SIV potentiated either alum Syntex adjuvant threonyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or MDP alone resulted protection...
There is limited information on influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonal patterns in tropical areas, although there renewed interest understanding the drivers of viruses.We review geographic variations seasonality laboratory-confirmed RSV epidemics 137 global locations based literature electronic sources. We assessed peak timing epidemic duration explored their association with geography study settings. fitted time series model to weekly national data available from WHO...
Archeo-epidemiologic research can clarify certain “signature features” of three previous influenza pandemics that should inform both national plans for pandemic preparedness and required international collaborations. Dr. Mark Miller colleagues discuss characteristics are frequently not considered in response plans.
Optimum management of childhood diarrhoea in low-resource settings has been hampered by insufficient data on aetiology, burden, and associated clinical characteristics. We used quantitative diagnostic methods to reassess refine estimates aetiology from the Etiology, Risk Factors, Interactions Enteric Infections Malnutrition Consequences for Child Health Development (MAL-ED) cohort study.We re-analysed stool specimens multisite MAL-ED study children aged 0-2 years done at eight locations...
BackgroundEnteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings.MethodsWe quantitative PCR detect 29 diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal stools collected from children the first 2 years of life obtained during Etiology, Risk Factors, Interactions Enteric Infections Malnutrition Consequences for Child Health...
Influenza circulation and mortality impact in tropical areas have not been well characterized. The authors studied the seasonality of influenza throughout Brazil, a geographically diverse country, by modeling influenza-related laboratory surveillance data. Monthly time series pneumonia were obtained from 1979 to 2001 for each 27 Brazilian states. Detrended analyzed Fourier decomposition describe amplitude timing annual semiannual epidemic cycles, resulting seasonal parameters compared across...
Enteric infections are associated with linear growth failure in children. To quantify the association between intestinal inflammation and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (neopterin [NEO], alpha-anti-trypsin [AAT], myeloperoxidase [MPO]) were performed a structured sampling of asymptomatic stool from children under longitudinal surveillance for diarrheal illness eight countries. Samples 537 contributed 1,169 AAT, 916 MPO, 954 NEO test results that significantly...
C. difficile infection (CDI) has become an important and frequent nosocomial infection, often resulting in severe morbidity or death. Severe CDI is more frequently seen among individuals infected with the emerging NAP1/027/BI (NAP1) strain elderly population, but relative importance of these 2 factors remains unclear. We used a large Canadian database patients to explore interaction between variables.The Canada-wide study, performed 2005 by Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP),...
Background. Treatment guidelines recommend stopping all implicated antibiotics at the onset of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but many individuals have persistent or new infections necessitating use concomitant (CAs). We used data from 2 phase 3 trials to study effects CAs on response fidaxomicin vancomycin. Methods. Subjects with CDI were treated for 10 days 200 mg every 12 hours vancomycin 125 6 hours, assessed resolution symptoms, and followed up an additional 4 weeks evidence...
Mexico's local and national authorities initiated an intense public health response during the early stages of 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic. In this study we analyzed epidemiological patterns pandemic April-December in Mexico evaluated impact nonmedical interventions, school cycles, demographic factors on influenza transmission.We used surveillance data compiled by Mexican Institute for Social Security, representing 40% population, to influenza-like illness (ILIs) hospitalizations, deaths,...
Quantitative estimates of the global burden 1957 influenza pandemic are lacking. Here we fill this gap by modeling historical mortality statistics.
All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from colonized or infected patients in a 625-bed public teaching hospital during an epidemic, and for 3 years thereafter, underwent susceptibility testing to mupirocin. Mupirocin resistance among MRSA increased markedly over this period (1990, 2.7%; 1991, 8.0%; 1992, 61.5%; 1993, 65%) association with use of mupirocin ointment as adjunct infection control measures.