A5062265331- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Gut microbiota and health
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
New York University
2016-2025
Children's Hospital of Orange County
2022
Foundation for Human Potential
2021
NYU Langone Health
2016-2021
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
2021
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
2010-2020
Bellevue Hospital Center
2020
Columbia University
2009-2018
University of Maryland, Baltimore
1980-2017
University of Pennsylvania
2003-2014
Understanding the epidemiology and clinical course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) its temporal association with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important, given public health implications syndrome. We conducted targeted surveillance for MIS-C from March 15 to May 20, 2020, pediatric centers across United States. The case definition included six criteria: serious illness leading hospitalization, an age less than 21 years, fever that lasted at least 24 hours,...
A hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) pathotype is undergoing global dissemination. In contrast to the usual health care-associated epidemiology of classical K. (cKp) infections, hvKp causes tissue-invasive infections in otherwise healthy individuals from community, often involving multiple sites. An accurate test identify strains needed for improved patient care and epidemiologic studies. To fill this knowledge gap, clinical criteria or random blood isolates North American United...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the nervous system in adult patients. The spectrum of neurologic involvement children and adolescents is unclear.To understand range severity among associated with COVID-19.Case series patients (age <21 years) hospitalized between March 15, 2020, December positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or antibody) at 61 US hospitals Overcoming COVID-19 public health...
Expression of a polysaccharide capsule is required for the full pathogenicity many mucosal pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although allows evasion opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis during invasive infection, its role colonization, organism's commensal state, remains unknown. Using mouse model, we demonstrate that unencapsulated mutants remain capable nasal colonization but at reduced density duration compared to those their encapsulated parent strains. This deficit in was...
Since the first reports of emergence novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) and its associated disease (coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19]), concerns remain about whether can be transmitted from mother to fetus either during antepartum period or process labor delivery. In a previous review involving small number cases, placental swabs for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing were sent in addition neonatal cord blood testing, PCR results returned...
Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develop severe or critical illness. Guidance therefore needed regarding use agents with potential activity against acute respiratory syndrome 2 pediatrics.
Guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for use palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first published in a policy statement 1998. AAP recommendations have been updated periodically to reflect most recent literature regarding children at greatest risk severe RSV disease. Since last update 2014, which refined guidance focus on those risk, data become available seasonality circulation, incidence and factors associated with bronchiolitis...
Vaccines have led to a significant decrease in rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and made impact on the health children. However, some parents express concerns about vaccine safety necessity vaccines. The range from hesitancy immunizations refusal all This clinical report provides information scope problem, facts surrounding common vaccination concerns, latest evidence regarding effective communication techniques for conversation. After reading this report, readers can expect to:...
PMN-dominated airway inflammation is a major component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Epithelial cells respond to organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the pathogen in CF, by expressing leukocyte chemokine IL-8. Experiments were performed using several different types respiratory epithelial that demonstrate ligation ceramide-associated receptors on surfaces P. aeruginosa pili stimulus for translocation transcription factor nuclear (NF)-kappaB and initiation IL-8 expression cells....
Pore-forming toxins are essential to the virulence of a wide variety pathogenic bacteria. Gardnerella vaginalis is bacterial species associated with vaginosis (BV) and its significant adverse sequelae, including preterm birth acquisition human immunodeficiency virus. G. makes protein toxin that generates host immune responses has been hypothesized be involved in pathogenesis BV. We demonstrate produces (vaginolysin [VLY]) member cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, most closely...
Since mucosal surfaces may be simultaneously colonized by multiple species, the success of an organism determined its ability to compete with co-inhabitants niche. To explore contribution host factors polymicrobial competition, a murine model was used study initiation colonization Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Both bacterial which occupy similar microenvironment within nasopharynx, persisted during when given individually. Co-colonization, however, resulted in rapid...
IgA, the major class of Ig in secretions, classically functions by interfering with microbial attachment to host tissues. Many mucosal pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae , express an IgA1 protease that may circumvent protective effects this subclass. Because these proteases are specific for human IgA1, we generated mAbs surface antigen pneumococcus, its capsular polysaccharide, and tested their effect a colonization model bacterial adherence respiratory epithelial cells culture....
Epithelial cells act as an interface between human mucosal surfaces and the surrounding environment. As a result, they are responsible for initiation of local immune responses, which may be crucial prevention invasive infection. Here we show that epithelial detect presence bacterial pore-forming toxins (including pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae, α-hemolysin Staphylococcus aureus, streptolysin O pyogenes, anthrolysin Bacillus anthracis) at nanomolar concentrations, far below those...
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, and otitis media despite vaccines effective antibiotics. The neuraminidase S. pneumoniae, which catalyzes the release terminal sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, is involved in host colonization animal models infection may provide novel target for preventing pneumococcal infection. We demonstrate that (NanA) cleaves show it biofilm formation, suggesting an additional role pathogenesis, shares this property with...
ABSTRACT The mucosal epithelium is the initial target for respiratory pathogens of all types. While type I interferon (IFN) signaling traditionally associated with antiviral immunity, we demonstrate that extracellular bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae activates IFN cascade in airway epithelial and dendritic cells. This response dependent upon pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Pneumococcal DNA IFN-β expression through a DAI/STING/TBK1/IRF3 cascade. Tlr4 −/− , Myd88 Trif Nod2 mutant...
Cardiomyopathy frequently complicates sepsis and is associated with increased mortality. Increased cardiac oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction have been observed during sepsis, but the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities not determined. We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation could be sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Treatment of isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes low concentrations endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) total cellular reactive oxygen species...
α–Intercalated cells (A-ICs) within the collecting duct of kidney are critical for acid-base homeostasis. Here, we have shown that A-ICs also serve as both sentinels and effectors in defense against urinary infections. In a murine tract infection model, bound uropathogenic E. coli responded by acidifying urine secreting bacteriostatic protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2; known NGAL). A-IC–dependent LCN2 secretion required TLR4, mice expressing an LPS-insensitive form TLR4 expressed reduced levels...
When rat anterior pituitary (AP) was incubated at 37.5 C in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker for 2 hr, 169% more prolactin found the combined medium and AP than nonincubated AP. together with homogenate or acid extract of hypothalamus, levels were markedly decreased (36–75%), indicating inhibition synthesis release. Acid cerebral cortex had no effect on Incubation ovine prolactin, without did not decrease activity, demonstrating that hypothalamic production due to hormone inactivation....
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B [GBS]) is an important neonatal pathogen and emerging cause of disease in adults. The major risk factor for maternal vaginal colonization. However, little known about the relationship between GBS microbiota.Vaginal lavage samples from nonpregnant women were tested GBS, amplicon-based sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal RNA V3-V4 region was performed.Four hundred twenty-eight 432 met high-quality read threshold. There no carriage demographic characteristics,...
Lactobacillus iners is a common constituent of the human vaginal microbiota. This species was only recently characterized due to its fastidious growth requirements and has been hypothesized play role in pathogenesis bacterial vaginosis. Here we present identification molecular characterization protein toxin produced by L. iners. The genome encodes an open reading frame with significant primary sequence similarity intermedilysin (ILY; 69.2% similarity) vaginolysin (VLY; 68.4% similarity),...