Optical network that apply wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is currently widely used in existing telecommunications infrastructures and expected to play a significant role next generation networks the future Internet supporting large variety of services having very different requirements terms bandwidth, latency, reliability other features. The purpose this paper design simulation WDM Network length pump power. system simulated using Optisystem software achieve gain flatness, BER (Bit...

This study investigates the impact of Generative AI on higher education institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia, focusing factors influencing training uptake among university staff students. Using logistic regression analysis, we explored relationship between demographic variables, tool usage, attitudinal measures likelihood receiving training. The results reveal a positive perception significantly increases participation, while geographic location, frequency concerns about AI, satisfaction...

Recently, there have been a lot of inventions and development in the field wireless power transfer (WPT), which has increased need for WPT systems with high efficiency (PTE) longer transmission distances end users. However, several presently accessible exhibit restricted PTE range as result their utilization inductive coupling. In addition, experiences significant decline separation between transmitter receiver coils grows while employing this methodology. Hence, study presents proposal...

This paper compares two single balanced mixer designs for ultra-wideband (UWB) of RF front-end at frequencies ranging from 3 to 10 GHz. The proposed use balun topologies varying performances. Thus, Design 1 incorporates a Coupled Line Balun and 2 Branch Balun. Both make Skyworks' SMS7621 Schottky diodes, which have low junction capacitance, the Rogers RO4350B substrate, has dielectric constant 3.48. (Design 1) offers total length 88 mm, whereas 2) creates more compact structure with 48 mm....

The article presents a dual-band aperture-coupled rectenna for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting at 2.45 and 5 GHz application. consists of π-shaped slot-etched antenna, designed the lower substrate two FR4 layers rectifier. proposed antenna design also introduces harmonic suppression third- higher order harmonics, ranging from 6 up to 10 asymmetrical stubs transmission feedline. rectifier is operate frequency, successfully achieving high conversion efficiency 68.83% 49.90% with optimum...

Performing accurate and precise collision detection method between objects in virtual environment application such as computer games medical simulation is important graphics research development. Given pair of that near colliding, numerous mechanic has been developed by researchers order to minimize computation time increase accuracy the detection. However, most these techniques required a lot computational cost, extra processing power complex algebraic equations just solve distance...

This paper presents the investigation based upon resonant circuit approach to characterize rectangular microstrip patch antenna from low-pass prototype lumped element. The physical layout of on single-mode and dual-mode will be established. An improvement bandwidth can achieved by increasing number modes. In paper, understanding microwave filter synthesis technique is applied in order obtain resonance at 2 GHz. A notch used design produce frequencies antenna. proposed single antennas are...

This paper is presented about a system of recording student attendance using fingerprint identification that allows students to monitor class true electronically. It can reduce the presence fraudulent who are now mostly done by and also problems such as missing easily damaged. With this replace existing manual more systematic electronics. will be displayed on computer lecturer with attractive graphics have complete detail Microsoft Visual Basic Studio integrated Fingerprint Reader.

Non-contact and non-invasive heartbeat detection is one of various research objectives current emerging technology in fields, especially health care service. The signal without noise, interference irrelevant respiration with proper distance power level more preferable a system design to provide better monitoring system. purpose this paper aimed present filtering technique using Matlab simulation tool obtain smooth accurate heartbeat, the correlation based on Doppler Effect motion sensing...

This paper presents a high gain rectenna at 2.45 GHz. Two layers low cost FR4 substrate has been used with air-gap technology for this fabricated rectenna. The proposed designs contain antenna and open stub rectifying circuits feedline. With the dimension of 100 x 5 mm3, can perform gain. technique air gap approach design so as to increase Second third harmonics eliminated by introducing triangular slot ground plane developed design. successfully achieved output voltages reaches 0.46 V when...

A Nested complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was proposed based on planar structure. The main objective of this work is to get a higher quality factor (Q-factor) with minimal error detection complex permittivity. sensor operated at the 3.37GHz resonant frequency and simulated by ANSYS HFSS software. Subsequently, designed has been fabricated tested presence several material under test (MUTs) placed over sensor. result achieved high unloaded Q-factor, 464. There proof good agreement...

This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna enhance better result of parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, develop a new design and validate frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz 5.4 GHz. At GHz, more data can be transmitted compare However, has long distance radiation, so it used when far away from module 5 short in radiation. The development this project includes scope designing testing using computer simulation technology...

This paper presents the investigation and characterization of integrated microwave filter antenna to reduce overall physical volume for RF/ front-end subsystems. study focuses on integrating rectangular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) with microstrip patch produce filtering radiating element in a single device. To proof concept, at center frequency 2 GHz is demonstrated validated through simulation analysis. class filters integration would be useful systems where reduction size weight...

This paper describes the design of low noise amplifier using enhancement mode technology for WLAN front-end applications. Typical LNA designed IEEE802.1a standard is required to operate with noise, high gain and exhibit figure. The uses feedback, balanced topology enhance performance achieve goal. at 2.4 GHz, figure (NF)<; 2dB, gain>;10 dB S11 S22 <;-10 dB. With voltage supply 5 V, total current consumptions 60 Ma.

In this paper, a single biasing configuration for three different topologies of SPDT switch are designed in order to study the circuit performances based on insertion loss, return loss and isolation. addition, current consumption is discussed paper. The series, shunt-shunt-shunt series-shunt-shunt configuration. targeted application wireless data communication such as WiFi, WiMAX LTE. Design analysis have been performed simulation software where commercialize PIN diode model has taken into...

This paper describes the design of Low-pass filter using bowtie Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The designing low-pass begins from lumped element in which will be built capacitors and inductors before converted to open short circuited stub. (DGS) is required operate at 10 GHz for radar application. As a comparison, different size quantity were analyzed identify better performance filter. this had been simulated by schematic EM Simulation Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

This paper presents comparison on IV Characteristics analysis between Silicon and InGaAs PIN Photodiode. Photodiode is a structure that consists of positive region, intrinsic region negative (PIN). The thick regions are difference to normal PN Photodiodes practical as Photodetectors, Attenuators Radio frequency (RF) switches. simple, low cost yet rugged an advantage in technology. These papers separated several section the basic principle, characteristics, advantages recent technologies...

In this paper, presented a single double-sided circular disc bow-tie antenna for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication is being proposed. The designs have been simulated using CST Microwave Studio. antennacovers the UWB spectrum from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, and had return loss below than 10 dB throughout entire band.A compact area of 30.0 × 60.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> obtained. material used FR-4 epoxy glass substrate...

In order to perform fast collision detection technique in Virtual Environment Application, researchers need maintain the behaviour of object itself before objects come into contact. By enhancing speed intersection using Bounding-Volume Hierarchies technique, it helps reduce the complexity and up process. Thus, this paper we presented our novel algorithm for constructing Quad Splitting method. Together with the method is implementation Spatial Object Median (SOMS) in create a...

Avalanche Photodiode based on InGaAs/InP was chosen because of the needs high speed optical receivers and have their own advantages sensitivity. In this project, we focused effect guard ring avalanche photodiodes its performance. Three types structures are designed in APD current-voltage (I-V) characteristics (electric field profiles) simulated analyzed. paper, investigated using Silvaco software, TCAD tools. This paper investigates effects guard-ring (GR) performance photodiode (APDs) TCAD....

This study presents the analysis of tweek atmospherics received by AWESOME VLF receiver at station Gakona (62.71°N, 143.99°W) during four months observation from January to April 2011. Tweek which originates lightning discharge are used monitor nighttime D-region ionosphere using fundamental cut-off frequency measure variations lower ionosphere’s reflection height, equivalent electron density height and propagation distance travel tweeks. In this study, a total 1316 tweeks analyzed...