Background and purpose Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of major depression antidepressant drugs act by modulating synaptic plasticity; therefore, present study investigated whether fast action ketamine is reflected in a rapid alteration astrocytes’ morphology genetic animal model depression. Experimental Approach S‐Ketamine (15 mg·kg −1 ) or saline was administered as single injection Flinders Line (FSL/ FRL) rats. Twenty‐four hours after treatment, perfusion fixation carried out...

Despite successful management of ruptured intracranial aneurysm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains the main cause high mortality and morbidity in patients who survive initial bleeding. Astrocytes play a key role neurovascular coupling. Therefore, changes unit including astrocytes SAH may contribute to development DCI long-term complications. In this study, we characterized morphological hippocampal experimental SAH, with special emphasis on...

The neurovascular plasticity of hippocampus is an important theory underlying major depression. Ketamine as a novel glutamatergic antidepressant drug can induce rapid effect within hours. In mechanistic proof this concept, we examined whether ketamine leads to increase in synaptogenesis and vascularization 24 hours after single injection genetic rat model depression.Flinders Sensitive Line Flinders Resistant rats were given intraperitoneal (15 mg/kg) or saline. One day later, their behavior...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm and neonatal infection. Here, we investigated the role of postnatal immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+ cells mice ASD-like behaviours.

Accurate analysis of neuronal primary cilia is essential for understanding developmental processing neurons. But existing image segmentation methods struggle with staining variability and background noise. To address this, we developed a more robust statistical pipeline using an animal model small sample size known microstructure alterations. Maternal obesity was induced in mice via high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Hippocampal tissue from 6-month-old offspring obese control dams analyzed. We...

Summary Background Spatial characterization of vertical organization neurons in human cerebral cortex, cortical columnarity or minicolumns, and its possible association with various psychiatric neurological diseases has been investigated for many years. New method In this study, we obtained 3D coordinates disector sampled cells from layer III Brodmann area 4 the cortex using light microscopy 140‐μm‐thick glycolmethacrylate sections. A new analytical tool called cylindrical K‐ function was...

The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between IgA deficiency (IgAD) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) among Iranian children.This case-control carried out on 83 children who were diagnosed as JRA according American College Rheumatology (ACR) criteria; Patients admitted at the rheumatology clinic Children's Medical Center, (Tehran). Serum immunoglobulins concentrations determined by nephelometry method. Control group 112 healthy matched for age gender. Informed...

Summary In the present paper, we describe new robust methods of estimating cell shape and orientation in 3D from sections. The descriptors are based on volume tensors which used to construct an ellipsoid, Miles approximating average 3D. estimators observations several optical planes through sampled cells. This type geometric sampling design is known as rotator. statistical behaviour estimator ellipsoid studied under a flexible model for orientation. simulation study, lengths axes can be...

The aim of this study was to determine the association between previously documented risk factors such as recurrent pyelonephritis with incidence renal scarring after acute in children. Children who were admitted Department Pediatrics a teaching hospital during 2007–2009 enrolled study. DMSA scans obtained 4–6 months last episode all patients. A total 80 children Most them girls (77.5%), median age 12 months. Nearly half (n = 44; 55%) had one or more scars. distribution gender, CRP level and...

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) is a rare, inherited immunodeficiency that affects one per million people yearly and usually presents with recurrent, indolent bacterial infections of the skin, mouth, respiratory tract impaired pus formation wound healing. A 13-year-old girl diagnosed LAD-I at age 7 years was brought to Immunology, Asthma Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University Medical Sciences, because draining plaque on left leg for 2.5 years. She had recurrent skin been...

The neuro-gliovascular unit is a crucial structure for providing balanced well-functioning environment neurons and their synapses. Activation of the immune system during developmental period believed to affect gliovascular unit, which may trigger neurodevelopmental neurological/neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability male brain neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in impairment hippocampal unit. Male female C57BL/6J pups received...

In this paper, we present a new surface area estimator in local stereology. This is called the 'Morse-type estimator' and obtained using two-stage sampling procedure. First plane section through fixed reference point of three-dimensional structure taken. plane, modification tangent count method used. The Morse-type generalizes Cruz-Orive's pivotal for convex objects to nonconvex objects. advantages over existing estimators are illustrated simulation study. well suited computer-assisted...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between previously documented risk factors such as recurrent pyelonephritis with incidence renal scarring after acute in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children who were admitted Department Pediatrics a teaching hospital during 2007-2009 enrolled study. DMSA scans obtained 4-6 months last episode all patients. RESULTS: A total 80 children Most them girls (77.5%), median age 12 months. Nearly half (n = 44; 55%) had one or more...

The dynamic geometry of neuronal development is an essential concept in theoretical neuroscience. We aimed to design a mathematical model which outlines stepwise innovative form and designed geometrically modelling spatially the neuronal-electrical field interaction. demonstrated flexibility forming cell its nucleus show growth from inside outside that uses fractal cylinder generate neurons (pyramidal/sphere) mathematically called 'surface revolution'. Furthermore, we verified effect...

Microglia may contribute to injury but also have neuroprotective properties. Galectin-3 has immunomodulatory properties that affect the microglia phenotype and subsequent development of injury. contributes experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) in neonatal brain, it is unclear if galectin-3 similar effects on infectious sterile inflammation. Thus, we investigated effect vitro under normal as well inflammatory conditions, brain following an challenge vivo. Conditions mimicking or inflammation...

<title>Abstract</title> The human central nervous system (CNS) undergoes development from early embryonic stages to well beyond birth, with various neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases originating prenatal events. Mathematical models offer a direct avenue for understanding these neurodevelopmental processes, particularly during the period. However, approaching initiating such modeling presents challenges, including formulation of appropriate equations that capture dynamics...

Abstract The development of the human central nervous system initiates in early embryonic period until long after delivery. It has been shown that several neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases originate from prenatal incidents. Mathematical models offer a direct way to understand neurodevelopmental processes better. modelling neurodevelopment during is challenging terms how ‘Approach’, initiate propose appropriate equations fit underlying dynamics while including variety elements are...

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm and neonatal infection. Here we investigated the role of postnatal immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+ cells mice ASD-like behavior. C57/Bl6 mouse pups both sexes received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1mg/kg) day (P) 5. At P45, animal behavior was examined marble burying sociability test, followed ex-vivo brain MRI...